Exam 17: Fatty Acid Catabolism

If you received a laboratory report showing the presence of a high concentration of ketone bodies in the urine of a patient,what disease would you suspect? Why do ketone bodies accumulate in such patients?

In the citric acid cycle,a double bond is introduced into a four-carbon compound containing the -CH₂-CH₂- group,producing fumarate.Show a similar reaction that occurs in the $\beta$ -oxidation pathway.

Draw the third and fourth steps in the $\beta$ -oxidation of a saturated fatty acid.Show structures,name enzymes,and indicate where any cofactors participate.

Write a balanced equation for the complete oxidation (to acetyl-CoA and any other products that might be formed)of pelargonic acid,CH₃(CH₂)₇COOH.

The oxidation of acetyl-CoA added to isolated,intact mitochondria is stimulated strongly by carnitine.Why?

The glycerol produced from the hydrolysis of triacylglycerides enters glycolysis as:

Which of these is able to cross the inner mitochondrial membrane?

If the 16-carbon saturated fatty acid palmitate is oxidized completely to carbon dioxide and water (via the $\beta$ -oxidation pathway and the citric acid cycle),and all of the energy-conserving products are used to drive ATP synthesis in the mitochondrion,the net yield of ATP per molecule of palmitate is:

Lipoprotein lipase acts in:

Briefly explain the basic concept of $\omega$ -oxidation.