Question 1

Which statement about statistical analysis in science is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Statistical methods are applied to data in order to prove that the null hypothesis is incorrect. 
B)  Statistical tests analyze variation to determine whether the variation is due to chance. 
C)  Statistical tests can be used to evaluate results from controlled experiments but not comparative experiments. 
D)  Scientists use statistics to prove their conclusions are true. 
E)  Statistics are used to measure the probability that an observed difference is due to chance. 
A)  Statistical methods are applied to data in order to prove that the null hypothesis is incorrect. 
B)  Statistical tests analyze variation to determine whether the variation is due to chance. 
C)  Statistical tests can be used to evaluate results from controlled experiments but not comparative experiments. 
D)  Scientists use statistics to prove their conclusions are true. 
E)  Statistics are used to measure the probability that an observed difference is due to chance.

Question 2

If you were trying to create rapid evolutionary change in a population of bacteria,what treatment would be most effective?

Accepted Answer

A)  Exposing the bacteria to UV light,which damages DNA 
B)  Growing the bacteria under optimal conditions for growth 
C)  Maintaining the bacteria at 4°C,which slows growth 
D)  Freezing the bacteria in liquid nitrogen 
E)  There is no treatment that could induce evolutionary change. 
A)  Exposing the bacteria to UV light,which damages DNA 
B)  Growing the bacteria under optimal conditions for growth 
C)  Maintaining the bacteria at 4°C,which slows growth 
D)  Freezing the bacteria in liquid nitrogen 
E)  There is no treatment that could induce evolutionary change.

Question 3

Which trait or function is the same in muscle cells and brain cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cell function 
B)  Extracellular environment 
C)  Expressed genes 
D)  Genome 
E)  Proteins formed 
A)  Cell function 
B)  Extracellular environment 
C)  Expressed genes 
D)  Genome 
E)  Proteins formed

Question 4

The advantage of controlled scientific experiments is that

Accepted Answer

A)  all variables except one are held constant. 
B)  the hypothesis can be proven correct. 
C)  patterns can be predicted. 
D)  investigations can be carried out in the field. 
E)  a massive amount of data can be synthesized. 
A)  all variables except one are held constant. 
B)  the hypothesis can be proven correct. 
C)  patterns can be predicted. 
D)  investigations can be carried out in the field. 
E)  a massive amount of data can be synthesized.

Question 5

Frogs eat insects,insects ingest the tissue of plant leaves,and plants derive their energy from the sun through photosynthesis.Assuming that energy conversions are not 100 percent efficient,the total biomass of animals should be _______ than that of plants.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Frogs eat insects,insects ingest the tissue of...

Question 6

Which of the following can result from a scientific investigation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Refinement of the experimental design 
B)  Formulation of new questions that result in additional experimentation 
C)  Use of statistical tests to evaluate the significance of the results 
D)  Experiments that will be repeated and verified by later experiments 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Refinement of the experimental design 
B)  Formulation of new questions that result in additional experimentation 
C)  Use of statistical tests to evaluate the significance of the results 
D)  Experiments that will be repeated and verified by later experiments 
E)  All of the above

Question 7

Every living organism on Earth can be assigned to one of three separate

Accepted Answer

A)  species. 
B)  genus groups. 
C)  domains. 
D)  ancestors. 
E)  genomes. 
A)  species. 
B)  genus groups. 
C)  domains. 
D)  ancestors. 
E)  genomes.

Question 8

In looking at prepared slides of organisms from pond water using a microscope,you see a unicellular organism that has genetic material but no nucleus.Which group could this organism possibly belong to?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteria 
B)  Plants 
C)  Fungi 
D)  Animals 
E)  Protists 
A)  Bacteria 
B)  Plants 
C)  Fungi 
D)  Animals 
E)  Protists

Question 9

Which structure(s)is/are necessary in the forming of a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nucleus 
B)  Organelles 
C)  Membrane 
D)  Chloroplast 
E)  Mitochondria 
A)  Nucleus 
B)  Organelles 
C)  Membrane 
D)  Chloroplast 
E)  Mitochondria

Question 10

During childbirth,the hormone oxytocin causes uterine contractions.These contractions move the baby toward the birth canal (vagina),where it pushes on pressure-sensing receptors.These receptors signal the mother's hypothalamus to produce more oxytocin,which in turn increases the uterine contractions.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  gene regulation. 
B)  positive feedback. 
C)  a cellular-level system. 
D)  a computational model. 
E)  negative feedback. 
A)  gene regulation. 
B)  positive feedback. 
C)  a cellular-level system. 
D)  a computational model. 
E)  negative feedback.

Question 11

Earth is approximately _______ years old.

Accepted Answer

A)  2-3 thousand 
B)  4-5 million 
C)  40-50 million 
D)  4-5 billion 
E)  5 trillion 
A)  2-3 thousand 
B)  4-5 million 
C)  40-50 million 
D)  4-5 billion 
E)  5 trillion

Question 12

If you were able to travel back in time 4 billion years to when life first appeared on Earth,what feature of Earth would make it immediately impossible for you to survive?

Accepted Answer

A)  The high ozone content of the air would interfere with metabolic processes. 
B)  There would be no water on Earth. 
C)  There would not be enough ultraviolet radiation to support photosynthesis. 
D)  There would not be any protein-containing organisms for food. 
E)  The oxygen content of the air would be too low to support aerobic metabolism. 
A)  The high ozone content of the air would interfere with metabolic processes. 
B)  There would be no water on Earth. 
C)  There would not be enough ultraviolet radiation to support photosynthesis. 
D)  There would not be any protein-containing organisms for food. 
E)  The oxygen content of the air would be too low to support aerobic metabolism.

Question 13

Suppose you were leading a team looking for extraterrestrial life on distant planets.You find something that you suspect might be a living organism.Which characteristic would be a requirement in order for it to be classified as a living organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ability to self-replicate 
B)  Genetic material in the form of DNA 
C)  Cellular structure that includes a nucleus 
D)  Ability to transform energy from the sun through photosynthesis 
E)  Aerobic metabolism 
A)  Ability to self-replicate 
B)  Genetic material in the form of DNA 
C)  Cellular structure that includes a nucleus 
D)  Ability to transform energy from the sun through photosynthesis 
E)  Aerobic metabolism

Question 14

A statistical test starts with

Accepted Answer

A)  a null hypothesis. 
B)  deductive logic. 
C)  inductive logic. 
D)  a hypothesis. 
E)  a model system. 
A)  a null hypothesis. 
B)  deductive logic. 
C)  inductive logic. 
D)  a hypothesis. 
E)  a model system.

Question 15

Darwin noted that all populations have _______ potential to grow,but in nature most populations _______ over time.

Accepted Answer

A)  limited;are stable 
B)  unlimited;grow slowly 
C)  limited;fluctuate unpredictably 
D)  unlimited;do not have unchecked growth 
E)  limited;decrease in growth 
A)  limited;are stable 
B)  unlimited;grow slowly 
C)  limited;fluctuate unpredictably 
D)  unlimited;do not have unchecked growth 
E)  limited;decrease in growth

Question 16

If a mutation arises spontaneously in one of your blood cells,

Accepted Answer

A)  you can pass that mutation on to your offspring. 
B)  it would most likely improve the function of that blood cell. 
C)  the blood cell is evolving. 
D)  it could have been caused by exposure to radiation. 
E)  it will be passed on to all the other cells in your body. 
A)  you can pass that mutation on to your offspring. 
B)  it would most likely improve the function of that blood cell. 
C)  the blood cell is evolving. 
D)  it could have been caused by exposure to radiation. 
E)  it will be passed on to all the other cells in your body.

Question 17

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the figure below showing a tree of life.  
-What is one conclusion that you can draw from the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plants are more closely related to Archaea than they are to animals. 
B)  Animals are more closely related to fungi than they are to plants. 
C)  Animals and plants belong to different domains. 
D)  Chloroplasts are found only in plants. 
E)  Chloroplasts evolved before mitochondria. 
A)  Plants are more closely related to Archaea than they are to animals. 
B)  Animals are more closely related to fungi than they are to plants. 
C)  Animals and plants belong to different domains. 
D)  Chloroplasts are found only in plants. 
E)  Chloroplasts evolved before mitochondria.

Question 18

A rapid decline of amphibian populations has been observed worldwide.Which of the following could not be a reasonable hypothesis to explain this decline?

Accepted Answer

A)  A fungal disease 
B)  Increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation 
C)  Exposure to agricultural chemicals 
D)  Exposure to atrazine 
E)  Deaths from natural causes 
A)  A fungal disease 
B)  Increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation 
C)  Exposure to agricultural chemicals 
D)  Exposure to atrazine 
E)  Deaths from natural causes

Question 19

A scientist walking by a pristine stream,and then a polluted pond below a mill,observes that fish are present in the stream but not in the pond.The scientist then says,"polluted water kills fish." This statement is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  an evaluation of experiment results. 
B)  scientific inquiry. 
C)  quantifiable data. 
D)  a hypothesis. 
E)  a fact. 
A)  an evaluation of experiment results. 
B)  scientific inquiry. 
C)  quantifiable data. 
D)  a hypothesis. 
E)  a fact.

Question 20

What is one major reason that the earliest organisms on Earth were confined to the oceans?

Accepted Answer

A)  The oxygen in the atmosphere was toxic. 
B)  There was not enough oxygen in the atmosphere to support life. 
C)  Not enough ultraviolet light could penetrate the atmosphere to support life. 
D)  The oceans created a shield against the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation. 
E)  The salt within the oceans provided the raw materials for making proteins. 
A)  The oxygen in the atmosphere was toxic. 
B)  There was not enough oxygen in the atmosphere to support life. 
C)  Not enough ultraviolet light could penetrate the atmosphere to support life. 
D)  The oceans created a shield against the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation. 
E)  The salt within the oceans provided the raw materials for making proteins.

Exam 1: Introduction

Which statement about statistical analysis in science is true?

If you were trying to create rapid evolutionary change in a population of bacteria,what treatment would be most effective?

Which trait or function is the same in muscle cells and brain cells?

The advantage of controlled scientific experiments is that

Frogs eat insects,insects ingest the tissue of plant leaves,and plants derive their energy from the sun through photosynthesis.Assuming that energy conversions are not 100 percent efficient,the total biomass of animals should be _______ than that of plants.

Which of the following can result from a scientific investigation?

Every living organism on Earth can be assigned to one of three separate

In looking at prepared slides of organisms from pond water using a microscope,you see a unicellular organism that has genetic material but no nucleus.Which group could this organism possibly belong to?

Which structure(s)is/are necessary in the forming of a cell?

Earth is approximately _______ years old.

If you were able to travel back in time 4 billion years to when life first appeared on Earth,what feature of Earth would make it immediately impossible for you to survive?

Suppose you were leading a team looking for extraterrestrial life on distant planets.You find something that you suspect might be a living organism.Which characteristic would be a requirement in order for it to be classified as a living organism?

A statistical test starts with

Darwin noted that all populations have _______ potential to grow,but in nature most populations _______ over time.

If a mutation arises spontaneously in one of your blood cells,

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the figure below showing a tree of life. -What is one conclusion that you can draw from the figure?

A rapid decline of amphibian populations has been observed worldwide.Which of the following could not be a reasonable hypothesis to explain this decline?

A scientist walking by a pristine stream,and then a polluted pond below a mill,observes that fish are present in the stream but not in the pond.The scientist then says,"polluted water kills fish." This statement is an example of

What is one major reason that the earliest organisms on Earth were confined to the oceans?

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

Darwin noted that all populations have _ potential to grow,but in nature most populations _ over time.