Question 1

In formulating his theory of evolution,Darwin used information available to him through observation and common knowledge,including the knowledge that

Accepted Answer

A)  offspring differ from their parents and that populations of species display variation. 
B)  genes are the basis for inheritance and that mutations in DNA lead to evolutionary change. 
C)  populations do not change over time,though individuals within a population do. 
D)  the fossil record includes all forms of present day life. 
E)  cells pass on their genetic material through cell division and all cells within an organism have the same genome. 
A)  offspring differ from their parents and that populations of species display variation. 
B)  genes are the basis for inheritance and that mutations in DNA lead to evolutionary change. 
C)  populations do not change over time,though individuals within a population do. 
D)  the fossil record includes all forms of present day life. 
E)  cells pass on their genetic material through cell division and all cells within an organism have the same genome.

Question 2

Evidence indicates that all life on Earth today

Accepted Answer

A)  has a single common ancestor. 
B)  requires oxygen for life. 
C)  is able to extract energy from the sun. 
D)  evolved from ancestors containing genetic material in the form of proteins. 
E)  is multicellular. 
A)  has a single common ancestor. 
B)  requires oxygen for life. 
C)  is able to extract energy from the sun. 
D)  evolved from ancestors containing genetic material in the form of proteins. 
E)  is multicellular.

Question 3

The abundance of O2 led to the evolution of

Accepted Answer

A)  anaerobic eukaryotes. 
B)  aerobic eukaryotes. 
C)  anaerobic prokaryotes. 
D)  aerobic prokaryotes. 
E)  Both b and d 
A)  anaerobic eukaryotes. 
B)  aerobic eukaryotes. 
C)  anaerobic prokaryotes. 
D)  aerobic prokaryotes. 
E)  Both b and d

Question 4

Your body constitutes a system of organized units controlling your internal environment,such as the concentration of Na+ in your blood.If this concentration falls below normal,you would have hyponatremia,a condition that can cause headaches,mental confusion,and even seizures.Which event would most likely cause hyponatremia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gut cells absorbing too much Na+ from food 
B)  Kidney cells absorbing too much Na+ from urine 
C)  Sweating profusely,followed by drinking large quantities of water 
D)  Producing increased amounts of urine after drinking several cups of coffee 
E)  Kidney cells excreting Na+ into the urine 
A)  Gut cells absorbing too much Na+ from food 
B)  Kidney cells absorbing too much Na+ from urine 
C)  Sweating profusely,followed by drinking large quantities of water 
D)  Producing increased amounts of urine after drinking several cups of coffee 
E)  Kidney cells excreting Na+ into the urine

Question 5

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the figure below showing a tree of life.  
-Which statement concerning the figure is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  All protists are more closely related to other protists than they are to other organisms. 
B)  Only one domain includes single-celled prokaryotes. 
C)  Two of the domains had endosymbiotic events leading to the formation of mitochondria and chloroplasts. 
D)  All three domains split from a common ancestor. 
E)  Two of the domains include multicellular organisms. 
A)  All protists are more closely related to other protists than they are to other organisms. 
B)  Only one domain includes single-celled prokaryotes. 
C)  Two of the domains had endosymbiotic events leading to the formation of mitochondria and chloroplasts. 
D)  All three domains split from a common ancestor. 
E)  Two of the domains include multicellular organisms.

Question 6

In scientific methodology,a hypothesis is

Accepted Answer

A)  formed before any observations are made. 
B)  a guess that cannot be tested. 
C)  a tentative answer to a question that can be tested. 
D)  formed after an experiment has been designed. 
E)  a set of data obtained from an experiment. 
A)  formed before any observations are made. 
B)  a guess that cannot be tested. 
C)  a tentative answer to a question that can be tested. 
D)  formed after an experiment has been designed. 
E)  a set of data obtained from an experiment.

Question 7

Which list represents a correct ordering of the levels of complexity at which life is studied,from most simple to most complex?

Accepted Answer

A)  Community,population,organism,organ,tissue,cell 
B)  Cell,organ,tissue,organism,population,community 
C)  Cell,tissue,organ,organism,population,community 
D)  Cell,tissue,organ,population,organism,community 
E)  Tissue,organ,cell,population,organism,community 
A)  Community,population,organism,organ,tissue,cell 
B)  Cell,organ,tissue,organism,population,community 
C)  Cell,tissue,organ,organism,population,community 
D)  Cell,tissue,organ,population,organism,community 
E)  Tissue,organ,cell,population,organism,community

Question 8

One reason we consider the dormant seed of a desert plant to be alive is that it

Accepted Answer

A)  is extracting energy from the environment. 
B)  formed within a nonliving structure. 
C)  is evolving. 
D)  contains genetic material. 
E)  is always converting molecules into new biological molecules. 
A)  is extracting energy from the environment. 
B)  formed within a nonliving structure. 
C)  is evolving. 
D)  contains genetic material. 
E)  is always converting molecules into new biological molecules.

Question 9

A comparative experiment

Accepted Answer

A)  has only independent variables. 
B)  has only one dependent variable. 
C)  compares one independent variable with one dependent variable. 
D)  starts with groups or samples that are as similar as possible. 
E)  starts with the prediction that there will be a difference between groups or samples. 
A)  has only independent variables. 
B)  has only one dependent variable. 
C)  compares one independent variable with one dependent variable. 
D)  starts with groups or samples that are as similar as possible. 
E)  starts with the prediction that there will be a difference between groups or samples.

Question 10

What is the correct order in which the following appeared during the early evolution of life on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxygen,ozone,photosynthesis,life on land 
B)  Photosynthesis,oxygen,ozone,life on land 
C)  Life on land,photosynthesis,oxygen,ozone 
D)  Ozone,oxygen,photosynthesis,life on land 
E)  Oxygen,photosynthesis,life on land,ozone 
A)  Oxygen,ozone,photosynthesis,life on land 
B)  Photosynthesis,oxygen,ozone,life on land 
C)  Life on land,photosynthesis,oxygen,ozone 
D)  Ozone,oxygen,photosynthesis,life on land 
E)  Oxygen,photosynthesis,life on land,ozone

Question 11

If we picture the history of Earth as a 30-day month,modern humans arose

Accepted Answer

A)  at the beginning of week 4. 
B)  on day 27. 
C)  in the last 5 minutes of day 30. 
D)  on day 15. 
E)  in the early morning of day 30. 
A)  at the beginning of week 4. 
B)  on day 27. 
C)  in the last 5 minutes of day 30. 
D)  on day 15. 
E)  in the early morning of day 30.

Question 12

The main purpose of any single experiment is to

Accepted Answer

A)  obtain accurate quantitative measurements. 
B)  prove unambiguously that a particular hypothesis is correct. 
C)  avoid a merely comparative analysis. 
D)  answer as many key questions as possible. 
E)  test a prediction that is based on a hypothesis. 
A)  obtain accurate quantitative measurements. 
B)  prove unambiguously that a particular hypothesis is correct. 
C)  avoid a merely comparative analysis. 
D)  answer as many key questions as possible. 
E)  test a prediction that is based on a hypothesis.

Question 13

Biologists have organized the diversity of life into three domains based largely on

Accepted Answer

A)  physical similarities. 
B)  ecological niches. 
C)  chronological order. 
D)  molecular data. 
E)  numbers of species. 
A)  physical similarities. 
B)  ecological niches. 
C)  chronological order. 
D)  molecular data. 
E)  numbers of species.

Question 14

A phylogenetic tree

Accepted Answer

A)  classifies all plant species based on their habitats. 
B)  diagrams the evolutionary history of a particular group of organisms. 
C)  is based on binomial nomenclature. 
D)  only catalogs fossil plants. 
E)  only uses genome sequencing data. 
A)  classifies all plant species based on their habitats. 
B)  diagrams the evolutionary history of a particular group of organisms. 
C)  is based on binomial nomenclature. 
D)  only catalogs fossil plants. 
E)  only uses genome sequencing data.

Question 15

Evolutionary theory is a

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothesis based on theories. 
B)  historical model showing how organisms changed in the ancient past. 
C)  body of facts that allows us to make predictions. 
D)  useful tool for long-term predictions,but it is not useful for short-term predictions. 
E)  set of mechanisms that explains exactly how biological populations change over time. 
A)  hypothesis based on theories. 
B)  historical model showing how organisms changed in the ancient past. 
C)  body of facts that allows us to make predictions. 
D)  useful tool for long-term predictions,but it is not useful for short-term predictions. 
E)  set of mechanisms that explains exactly how biological populations change over time.

Question 16

Many possible applications of scientific knowledge raise ethical issues for some people.Which application,however,would be rejected by all responsible scientists?

Accepted Answer

A)  Selecting the sex of one's children 
B)  Using stem cells as part of medical treatments 
C)  Modifying the human genome 
D)  Using scientific knowledge to dictate how the world ought to be 
E)  All of the above would be rejected by scientists. 
A)  Selecting the sex of one's children 
B)  Using stem cells as part of medical treatments 
C)  Modifying the human genome 
D)  Using scientific knowledge to dictate how the world ought to be 
E)  All of the above would be rejected by scientists.

Question 17

A biologist listens to frogs singing at a local pond and hypothesizes that the sounds are mating calls.What would be the next step in the hypothesis-prediction method?

Accepted Answer

A)  Controlling an environment 
B)  Making an observation 
C)  Forming a hypothesis 
D)  Making a prediction 
E)  Testing a prediction 
A)  Controlling an environment 
B)  Making an observation 
C)  Forming a hypothesis 
D)  Making a prediction 
E)  Testing a prediction

Question 18

For a multicellular organism to have evolved from a unicellular ancestor,what new feature must have been present that was not necessary for unicellular life-forms?

Accepted Answer

A)  A mechanism for cell division 
B)  Adhesion molecules on the surfaces of the cells 
C)  Specialization of cellular functions 
D)  Chloroplasts 
E)  A mechanism for cell movement 
A)  A mechanism for cell division 
B)  Adhesion molecules on the surfaces of the cells 
C)  Specialization of cellular functions 
D)  Chloroplasts 
E)  A mechanism for cell movement

Question 19

Mutations

Accepted Answer

A)  occur in proteins. 
B)  are alterations in an organism's DNA. 
C)  are not caused by chemicals. 
D)  usually improve the function of the organism. 
E)  are not passed on from one generation to the next. 
A)  occur in proteins. 
B)  are alterations in an organism's DNA. 
C)  are not caused by chemicals. 
D)  usually improve the function of the organism. 
E)  are not passed on from one generation to the next.

Question 20

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the figure below.  
-In the image above,what is the largest (highest)level of biological organization that is visible?

Accepted Answer

A)  Community 
B)  Organism 
C)  Landscape 
D)  Biosphere 
E)  Population 
A)  Community 
B)  Organism 
C)  Landscape 
D)  Biosphere 
E)  Population

Exam 1: Introduction

In formulating his theory of evolution,Darwin used information available to him through observation and common knowledge,including the knowledge that

Evidence indicates that all life on Earth today

The abundance of O2 led to the evolution of

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the figure below showing a tree of life. -Which statement concerning the figure is true?

In scientific methodology,a hypothesis is

Which list represents a correct ordering of the levels of complexity at which life is studied,from most simple to most complex?

One reason we consider the dormant seed of a desert plant to be alive is that it

A comparative experiment

What is the correct order in which the following appeared during the early evolution of life on Earth?

If we picture the history of Earth as a 30-day month,modern humans arose

The main purpose of any single experiment is to

Biologists have organized the diversity of life into three domains based largely on

A phylogenetic tree

Evolutionary theory is a

Many possible applications of scientific knowledge raise ethical issues for some people.Which application,however,would be rejected by all responsible scientists?

A biologist listens to frogs singing at a local pond and hypothesizes that the sounds are mating calls.What would be the next step in the hypothesis-prediction method?

For a multicellular organism to have evolved from a unicellular ancestor,what new feature must have been present that was not necessary for unicellular life-forms?

Mutations

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the figure below. -In the image above,what is the largest (highest)level of biological organization that is visible?

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

The abundance of O₂ led to the evolution of