Question 1

The sum total of all the chemical reactions in a living structure is called

Accepted Answer

A)  energetics. 
B)  activity. 
C)  digestive power. 
D)  entropy. 
E)  metabolism. 
A)  energetics. 
B)  activity. 
C)  digestive power. 
D)  entropy. 
E)  metabolism.

Question 2

Which element is not found in all living systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nitrogen 
B)  Phosphorus 
C)  Sulfur 
D)  Carbon 
E)  Helium 
A)  Nitrogen 
B)  Phosphorus 
C)  Sulfur 
D)  Carbon 
E)  Helium

Question 3

Lipids are

Accepted Answer

A)  insoluble in water. 
B)  important for energy storage. 
C)  hydrophobic. 
D)  important constituents of biological membranes. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  insoluble in water. 
B)  important for energy storage. 
C)  hydrophobic. 
D)  important constituents of biological membranes. 
E)  All of the above

Question 4

Triglycerides are _______;phospholipids are _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrophobic;amphipathic 
B)  hydrophobic;hydrophilic 
C)  amphipathic;hydrophobic 
D)  hydrophilic;amphipathic 
E)  hydrophilic;hydrophobic 
A)  hydrophobic;amphipathic 
B)  hydrophobic;hydrophilic 
C)  amphipathic;hydrophobic 
D)  hydrophilic;amphipathic 
E)  hydrophilic;hydrophobic

Question 5

Why does a starchy food,like bread,become hard and stale when it dries out?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cellulose molecules aggregate in the absence of water. 
B)  In the absence of water,starch forms hydrogen bonds between polysaccharides,which then aggregate. 
C)  The release of carbon dioxide causes the bread to harden. 
D)  Water and heat cause the polysaccharide chains to bind together. 
E)  Mold growth interferes with glycosidic linkages,causing the bread to harden. 
A)  Cellulose molecules aggregate in the absence of water. 
B)  In the absence of water,starch forms hydrogen bonds between polysaccharides,which then aggregate. 
C)  The release of carbon dioxide causes the bread to harden. 
D)  Water and heat cause the polysaccharide chains to bind together. 
E)  Mold growth interferes with glycosidic linkages,causing the bread to harden.

Question 6

What determines if a molecule is polar,nonpolar,or ionic?

Accepted Answer

A)  The number of protons 
B)  The bond distances 
C)  The differences in the electronegativities of the atoms 
D)  The ionic charges 
E)  The distance of the electrons from the nucleus 
A)  The number of protons 
B)  The bond distances 
C)  The differences in the electronegativities of the atoms 
D)  The ionic charges 
E)  The distance of the electrons from the nucleus

Question 7

What can never be created or destroyed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Entropy 
B)  Energy 
C)  Free energy only 
D)  Thermal energy only 
E)  Potential energy only 
A)  Entropy 
B)  Energy 
C)  Free energy only 
D)  Thermal energy only 
E)  Potential energy only

Question 8

The atomic number of an element is the same as the number of _______ in each atom.

Accepted Answer

A)  neutrons 
B)  protons plus electrons 
C)  protons 
D)  neutrons plus protons 
E)  neutrons plus electrons 
A)  neutrons 
B)  protons plus electrons 
C)  protons 
D)  neutrons plus protons 
E)  neutrons plus electrons

Question 9

The number of protons in a neutral atom equals the number of

Accepted Answer

A)  isotopes. 
B)  neutrons. 
C)  electrons plus neutrons. 
D)  neutrons minus electrons. 
E)  electrons. 
A)  isotopes. 
B)  neutrons. 
C)  electrons plus neutrons. 
D)  neutrons minus electrons. 
E)  electrons.

Question 10

A type of molecule very often drawn with a single six-sided ring structure is

Accepted Answer

A)  sucrose. 
B)  an amino acid. 
C)  a steroid. 
D)  a fatty acid. 
E)  glucose. 
A)  sucrose. 
B)  an amino acid. 
C)  a steroid. 
D)  a fatty acid. 
E)  glucose.

Question 11

The main function of cellulose,the most abundant organic compound on Earth,is

Accepted Answer

A)  as a storage compound for genetic information. 
B)  as a storage compound for energy in plant cells. 
C)  as a storage compound for energy in animal cells. 
D)  as a component of biological membranes. 
E)  as an excellent structural material that can withstand harsh environmental conditions without substantial change. 
A)  as a storage compound for genetic information. 
B)  as a storage compound for energy in plant cells. 
C)  as a storage compound for energy in animal cells. 
D)  as a component of biological membranes. 
E)  as an excellent structural material that can withstand harsh environmental conditions without substantial change.

Question 12

The hydrogen bond between two water molecules forms because water is

Accepted Answer

A)  polar. 
B)  nonpolar. 
C)  a liquid. 
D)  a small molecule. 
E)  hydrophobic. 
A)  polar. 
B)  nonpolar. 
C)  a liquid. 
D)  a small molecule. 
E)  hydrophobic.

Question 13

Chlorine (Cl)has an atomic number of 17.When it bonds with another element,it will likely

Accepted Answer

A)  gain one electron from the other element. 
B)  share four electrons with the other element. 
C)  lose one electron to the other element. 
D)  form a double bond. 
E)  gain three electrons from the other element. 
A)  gain one electron from the other element. 
B)  share four electrons with the other element. 
C)  lose one electron to the other element. 
D)  form a double bond. 
E)  gain three electrons from the other element.

Question 14

Maltose,which is composed of two glucose units,can be classified as a

Accepted Answer

A)  disaccharide. 
B)  hexose. 
C)  pentose. 
D)  polysaccharide. 
E)  monosaccharide. 
A)  disaccharide. 
B)  hexose. 
C)  pentose. 
D)  polysaccharide. 
E)  monosaccharide.

Question 15

The amino and carboxyl functional groups tend to form bases and acids by attracting or releasing

Accepted Answer

A)  a neutron. 
B)  a proton. 
C)  an electron. 
D)  a proton and an electron. 
E)  a neutron and a proton. 
A)  a neutron. 
B)  a proton. 
C)  an electron. 
D)  a proton and an electron. 
E)  a neutron and a proton.

Question 16

In addition to covalent bonds,which interactions are important in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  van der Waals interactions 
B)  Hydrogen bonds 
C)  Hydrophobic interactions 
D)  Ionic attractions 
E)  All of the above 
A)  van der Waals interactions 
B)  Hydrogen bonds 
C)  Hydrophobic interactions 
D)  Ionic attractions 
E)  All of the above

Question 17

Phosphorylation of ADP to ATP is endergonic,whereas the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is exergonic.Therefore,the two reactions can be

Accepted Answer

A)  substrates. 
B)  endothermic. 
C)  kinetic. 
D)  activated. 
E)  linked. 
A)  substrates. 
B)  endothermic. 
C)  kinetic. 
D)  activated. 
E)  linked.

Question 18

A conclusion of the first law of thermodynamics is that the total energy in the universe is

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing. 
B)  increasing. 
C)  constant. 
D)  being converted to free energy. 
E)  being converted to matter. 
A)  decreasing. 
B)  increasing. 
C)  constant. 
D)  being converted to free energy. 
E)  being converted to matter.

Question 19

Starch and glycogen,which are both polysaccharides,differ structurally in that glycogen _______,whereas starch _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  is highly branched;is moderately branched 
B)  consists of parallel strands;is highly branched 
C)  consists of a combination of branching and parallel strands;is moderately branched 
D)  is moderately branched;consists of parallel strands 
E)  is highly branched;consists of parallel strands 
A)  is highly branched;is moderately branched 
B)  consists of parallel strands;is highly branched 
C)  consists of a combination of branching and parallel strands;is moderately branched 
D)  is moderately branched;consists of parallel strands 
E)  is highly branched;consists of parallel strands

Question 20

Because atoms can have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons,elements have

Accepted Answer

A)  isotopes. 
B)  an integer atomic mass value. 
C)  more than one atomic number. 
D)  various means of forming chemical bonds. 
E)  isomers. 
A)  isotopes. 
B)  an integer atomic mass value. 
C)  more than one atomic number. 
D)  various means of forming chemical bonds. 
E)  isomers.

Exam 2: The Chemistry and Energy of Life

The sum total of all the chemical reactions in a living structure is called

Which element is not found in all living systems?

Lipids are

Triglycerides are _______;phospholipids are _______.

Why does a starchy food,like bread,become hard and stale when it dries out?

What determines if a molecule is polar,nonpolar,or ionic?

What can never be created or destroyed?

The atomic number of an element is the same as the number of _______ in each atom.

The number of protons in a neutral atom equals the number of

A type of molecule very often drawn with a single six-sided ring structure is

The main function of cellulose,the most abundant organic compound on Earth,is

The hydrogen bond between two water molecules forms because water is

Chlorine (Cl)has an atomic number of 17.When it bonds with another element,it will likely

Maltose,which is composed of two glucose units,can be classified as a

The amino and carboxyl functional groups tend to form bases and acids by attracting or releasing

In addition to covalent bonds,which interactions are important in biological systems?

Phosphorylation of ADP to ATP is endergonic,whereas the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is exergonic.Therefore,the two reactions can be

A conclusion of the first law of thermodynamics is that the total energy in the universe is

Starch and glycogen,which are both polysaccharides,differ structurally in that glycogen _______,whereas starch _______.

Because atoms can have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons,elements have

Introduction

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

Triglycerides are _;phospholipids are _.

Starch and glycogen,which are both polysaccharides,differ structurally in that glycogen _,whereas starch _.