Question 1

Wormlike organisms are very common,but some phyla,such as _______,contain only other kinds of body plans.

Accepted Answer

A)  nematodes 
B)  nemerteans 
C)  annelids 
D)  polychaetes 
E)  bryozoans 
A)  nematodes 
B)  nemerteans 
C)  annelids 
D)  polychaetes 
E)  bryozoans

Question 2

Acorn worms and pterobranchs have a body plan consisting of a

Accepted Answer

A)  head and trunk. 
B)  head,trunk,and abdomen. 
C)  head,proboscis,and trunk. 
D)  head,proboscis,collar,and trunk. 
E)  proboscis,collar,and trunk. 
A)  head and trunk. 
B)  head,trunk,and abdomen. 
C)  head,proboscis,and trunk. 
D)  head,proboscis,collar,and trunk. 
E)  proboscis,collar,and trunk.

Question 3

A major difference between the chondrichthyans and the ray-finned fishes is that

Accepted Answer

A)  only chondrichthyans have a lung or swim bladder. 
B)  chondrichthyans have a cartilaginous skeleton,whereas ray-finned fishes have a bony skeleton. 
C)  only ray-finned fishes have paired fins. 
D)  chondrichthyans evolved in fresh water,whereas ray-finned fishes evolved in salt water. 
E)  only chondrichthyans have true jaws. 
A)  only chondrichthyans have a lung or swim bladder. 
B)  chondrichthyans have a cartilaginous skeleton,whereas ray-finned fishes have a bony skeleton. 
C)  only ray-finned fishes have paired fins. 
D)  chondrichthyans evolved in fresh water,whereas ray-finned fishes evolved in salt water. 
E)  only chondrichthyans have true jaws.

Question 4

Which feature is not associated with the annelids?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trichinosis 
B)  Closed circulatory system 
C)  Segmentation 
D)  Coelom 
E)  Hydrostatic skeleton 
A)  Trichinosis 
B)  Closed circulatory system 
C)  Segmentation 
D)  Coelom 
E)  Hydrostatic skeleton

Question 5

The molluscan body plan includes three unique,shared,derived characteristics that support the monophyly of the group: the _______,the _______,and the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  foot;radula;mantle 
B)  foot;mantle;shell 
C)  visceral mass;radula;mantle 
D)  visceral mass;mantle;shell 
E)  foot;visceral mass;mantle 
A)  foot;radula;mantle 
B)  foot;mantle;shell 
C)  visceral mass;radula;mantle 
D)  visceral mass;mantle;shell 
E)  foot;visceral mass;mantle

Question 6

Which feature is a synapomorphy of the animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cells that contain chitin 
B)  Vascular systems 
C)  Similarities in their Hox genes 
D)  Bilateral symmetry 
E)  Spiral cleavage 
A)  Cells that contain chitin 
B)  Vascular systems 
C)  Similarities in their Hox genes 
D)  Bilateral symmetry 
E)  Spiral cleavage

Question 7

On the animal family tree,which group precedes the eumetazoans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ctenophores 
B)  Sponges 
C)  Cnidarians 
D)  Bilaterians 
E)  Protostomes 
A)  Ctenophores 
B)  Sponges 
C)  Cnidarians 
D)  Bilaterians 
E)  Protostomes

Question 8

An animal that has a hemocoel,a chitinous exoskeleton,and a complete digestive tract is most likely a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  nematode. 
B)  annelid. 
C)  arrow worm. 
D)  mollusk. 
E)  arthropod. 
A)  nematode. 
B)  annelid. 
C)  arrow worm. 
D)  mollusk. 
E)  arthropod.

Question 9

Which statement about protostome and deuterostome evolution is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only one lineage exploited the abundant food supplies buried in soft marine substrates. 
B)  Many groups in both lineages developed elaborate structures for extracting prey from the air. 
C)  Both groups invaded land and evolved into very large terrestrial animals. 
D)  Both lineages are mostly sessile. 
E)  In both lineages,a coelomic cavity evolved and became divided into compartments that allowed better control of body shape and movement. 
A)  Only one lineage exploited the abundant food supplies buried in soft marine substrates. 
B)  Many groups in both lineages developed elaborate structures for extracting prey from the air. 
C)  Both groups invaded land and evolved into very large terrestrial animals. 
D)  Both lineages are mostly sessile. 
E)  In both lineages,a coelomic cavity evolved and became divided into compartments that allowed better control of body shape and movement.

Question 10

The swim bladders of bony fishes

Accepted Answer

A)  evolved from fins that were internalized. 
B)  are used for respiration in most contemporary species. 
C)  are organs of buoyancy that help them control their depth in the water column. 
D)  prevent them from existing in a marine environment. 
E)  are filled with oil. 
A)  evolved from fins that were internalized. 
B)  are used for respiration in most contemporary species. 
C)  are organs of buoyancy that help them control their depth in the water column. 
D)  prevent them from existing in a marine environment. 
E)  are filled with oil.

Question 11

Which statement about locomotion in nematodes is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rhythmically beating cilia move the animal forward. 
B)  Longitudinal muscles contract. 
C)  Circular and longitudinal muscles work against each other and the pseudocoelom to change the shape of the animal,moving it forward. 
D)  A series of hairs that project backward engage the substrate,and back-and-forth movements propel the animal forward. 
E)  Water expelled through special ducts moves the animal forward. 
A)  Rhythmically beating cilia move the animal forward. 
B)  Longitudinal muscles contract. 
C)  Circular and longitudinal muscles work against each other and the pseudocoelom to change the shape of the animal,moving it forward. 
D)  A series of hairs that project backward engage the substrate,and back-and-forth movements propel the animal forward. 
E)  Water expelled through special ducts moves the animal forward.

Question 12

An animal with bilateral symmetry,a pseudocoelom,a tubular digestive system,and a thick,multilayer cuticle is most likely a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  arrow worm. 
B)  flatworm. 
C)  annelid. 
D)  polychaete. 
E)  nematode. 
A)  arrow worm. 
B)  flatworm. 
C)  annelid. 
D)  polychaete. 
E)  nematode.

Question 13

Lampreys can be distinguished from hagfish by

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of an enclosed brain case. 
B)  their distinct cartilaginous vertebrae. 
C)  their filter-feeding larval form. 
D)  their feeding habits. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  the presence of an enclosed brain case. 
B)  their distinct cartilaginous vertebrae. 
C)  their filter-feeding larval form. 
D)  their feeding habits. 
E)  All of the above

Question 14

Which group of crustaceans bears a superficial resemblance to bivalves?

Accepted Answer

A)  Barnacles 
B)  Copepods 
C)  Isopods 
D)  Decapods 
E)  Water fleas 
A)  Barnacles 
B)  Copepods 
C)  Isopods 
D)  Decapods 
E)  Water fleas

Question 15

Which adaptation was first found in reptiles and was necessary for their complete shift from water to land?

Accepted Answer

A)  A hard-shelled (amniote)egg 
B)  Parental care 
C)  Hair 
D)  The ability to breathe and run simultaneously 
E)  Cephalization 
A)  A hard-shelled (amniote)egg 
B)  Parental care 
C)  Hair 
D)  The ability to breathe and run simultaneously 
E)  Cephalization

Question 16

The chordates

Accepted Answer

A)  all have a bony backbone. 
B)  include some animals without a nervous system. 
C)  are all filter feeders. 
D)  are poorly represented in the fossil record. 
E)  pass through a developmental stage with pharyngeal slits. 
A)  all have a bony backbone. 
B)  include some animals without a nervous system. 
C)  are all filter feeders. 
D)  are poorly represented in the fossil record. 
E)  pass through a developmental stage with pharyngeal slits.

Exam 23: Animal Origins and Diversity

Wormlike organisms are very common,but some phyla,such as _______,contain only other kinds of body plans.

Acorn worms and pterobranchs have a body plan consisting of a

A major difference between the chondrichthyans and the ray-finned fishes is that

Which feature is not associated with the annelids?

The molluscan body plan includes three unique,shared,derived characteristics that support the monophyly of the group: the _______,the _______,and the _______.

Which feature is a synapomorphy of the animals?

On the animal family tree,which group precedes the eumetazoans?

An animal that has a hemocoel,a chitinous exoskeleton,and a complete digestive tract is most likely a(n)

Which statement about protostome and deuterostome evolution is true?

The swim bladders of bony fishes

Which statement about locomotion in nematodes is true?

An animal with bilateral symmetry,a pseudocoelom,a tubular digestive system,and a thick,multilayer cuticle is most likely a(n)

Lampreys can be distinguished from hagfish by

Which group of crustaceans bears a superficial resemblance to bivalves?

Which adaptation was first found in reptiles and was necessary for their complete shift from water to land?

The chordates

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

The molluscan body plan includes three unique,shared,derived characteristics that support the monophyly of the group: the ___,the _,and the _____.