Question 1

It is thought that jaws,which are found in the higher vertebrates,evolved from

Accepted Answer

A)  cartilaginous arches used to support gills. 
B)  small bones associated with the brain capsule. 
C)  the bony teeth found on lamprey tongues. 
D)  progressive hardening of the cyclostome mouth. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  cartilaginous arches used to support gills. 
B)  small bones associated with the brain capsule. 
C)  the bony teeth found on lamprey tongues. 
D)  progressive hardening of the cyclostome mouth. 
E)  None of the above

Question 2

Which trait unites the deuterostomes but not the protostomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dorsal nervous system 
B)  Anterior brain 
C)  Bilaterally symmetrical body plan 
D)  Development of a mouth from a blastopore (in many species) 
E)  Radial symmetry 
A)  Dorsal nervous system 
B)  Anterior brain 
C)  Bilaterally symmetrical body plan 
D)  Development of a mouth from a blastopore (in many species) 
E)  Radial symmetry

Question 3

In the history of animals,which characteristic arose after the evolution of the cnidarians?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alternation between polyp and medusa 
B)  Three distinct body layers 
C)  Nematocysts 
D)  Gastrovascular cavity 
E)  Planula larva 
A)  Alternation between polyp and medusa 
B)  Three distinct body layers 
C)  Nematocysts 
D)  Gastrovascular cavity 
E)  Planula larva

Question 4

A pseudocoelomate animal lacks a

Accepted Answer

A)  body cavity. 
B)  fluid-filled body cavity. 
C)  fluid-filled body cavity lined on the outside with mesoderm. 
D)  fluid-filled body cavity lined on the outside and inside with mesoderm. 
E)  pseudocoel. 
A)  body cavity. 
B)  fluid-filled body cavity. 
C)  fluid-filled body cavity lined on the outside with mesoderm. 
D)  fluid-filled body cavity lined on the outside and inside with mesoderm. 
E)  pseudocoel.

Question 5

Many lineages of lophotrochozoans have a free-living larva known as a

Accepted Answer

A)  polyp. 
B)  planula. 
C)  trochophore. 
D)  nauplius. 
E)  choanocyte 
A)  polyp. 
B)  planula. 
C)  trochophore. 
D)  nauplius. 
E)  choanocyte

Question 6

You are in a tropical forest and find an organism that has bony vertebrae and no legs,lays eggs in moist patches,and carries out gaseous exchange through its skin.You have found a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  anuran. 
B)  caecilian. 
C)  salamander. 
D)  snake. 
E)  lizard. 
A)  anuran. 
B)  caecilian. 
C)  salamander. 
D)  snake. 
E)  lizard.

Question 7

The centipedes and millipedes belong to which group?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hexapods 
B)  Arachnids 
C)  Chelicerates 
D)  Annelids 
E)  Myriapods 
A)  Hexapods 
B)  Arachnids 
C)  Chelicerates 
D)  Annelids 
E)  Myriapods

Question 8

Which arthropod group includes the dragonflies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Myriapods 
B)  Trilobites 
C)  Chelicerates 
D)  Crustaceans 
E)  Hexapods 
A)  Myriapods 
B)  Trilobites 
C)  Chelicerates 
D)  Crustaceans 
E)  Hexapods

Question 9

When a starfish,a type of echinoderm,is resting on the seafloor,its _______ face(s)the seafloor,whereas the _______ is on the upper surface of the animal.

Accepted Answer

A)  mouth;anus 
B)  tube canal;mouth 
C)  tube feet;anus 
D)  anus;tube feet 
E)  mouth;tube canal 
A)  mouth;anus 
B)  tube canal;mouth 
C)  tube feet;anus 
D)  anus;tube feet 
E)  mouth;tube canal

Question 10

What is the main difference between a coelom and a pseudocoelom?

Accepted Answer

A)  A coelom is enclosed by muscle on the outside only;a pseudocoelom is enclosed by muscle on the inside only. 
B)  A coelom does not have an enclosed body cavity;a pseudocoelom is completely surrounded by muscle. 
C)  A coelom is enclosed by muscle on the inside only;a pseudocoelom is a solid structure. 
D)  A coelom is enclosed by muscle on the inside and the outside;a pseudocoelom is surrounded by muscle on the outside of the body cavity. 
E)  A coelom involves a solid body;a pseudocoelom has muscle on the inside and outside. 
A)  A coelom is enclosed by muscle on the outside only;a pseudocoelom is enclosed by muscle on the inside only. 
B)  A coelom does not have an enclosed body cavity;a pseudocoelom is completely surrounded by muscle. 
C)  A coelom is enclosed by muscle on the inside only;a pseudocoelom is a solid structure. 
D)  A coelom is enclosed by muscle on the inside and the outside;a pseudocoelom is surrounded by muscle on the outside of the body cavity. 
E)  A coelom involves a solid body;a pseudocoelom has muscle on the inside and outside.

Question 11

Prototherians differ from other mammals in that they

Accepted Answer

A)  do not produce milk. 
B)  lack body hair. 
C)  lay eggs. 
D)  live in Australia. 
E)  have a pouch in which the young are raised. 
A)  do not produce milk. 
B)  lack body hair. 
C)  lay eggs. 
D)  live in Australia. 
E)  have a pouch in which the young are raised.

Question 12

Homo sapiens expanded out of Africa about _______ years ago.

Accepted Answer

A)  6,500 
B)  12,000 
C)  20,000 
D)  65,000 
E)  500,000 
A)  6,500 
B)  12,000 
C)  20,000 
D)  65,000 
E)  500,000

Question 13

The terms "acoelomate," "pseudocoelomate," and "coelomate" refer to

Accepted Answer

A)  levels of cephalization. 
B)  the origin of the blastopore. 
C)  ectoderm,mesoderm,and endoderm,respectively. 
D)  the body cavity of animals. 
E)  the vertebrate body plan. 
A)  levels of cephalization. 
B)  the origin of the blastopore. 
C)  ectoderm,mesoderm,and endoderm,respectively. 
D)  the body cavity of animals. 
E)  the vertebrate body plan.

Question 14

Organisms of which group are probably most similar to ancestral arthropods?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chelicerates 
B)  Nematodes 
C)  Onychophorans 
D)  Crustaceans 
E)  Trilobites 
A)  Chelicerates 
B)  Nematodes 
C)  Onychophorans 
D)  Crustaceans 
E)  Trilobites

Question 15

Which body part in a mollusk secretes the shell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mantle 
B)  Foot 
C)  Visceral mass 
D)  Radula 
E)  Spicules 
A)  Mantle 
B)  Foot 
C)  Visceral mass 
D)  Radula 
E)  Spicules

Question 16

Bilaterally symmetrical animals can be divided into two major groups that separated during the Cambrian.These two lineages differ fundamentally in their

Accepted Answer

A)  modes of reproduction. 
B)  early embryological development. 
C)  modes of obtaining and storing energy. 
D)  environmental requirements. 
E)  metabolism. 
A)  modes of reproduction. 
B)  early embryological development. 
C)  modes of obtaining and storing energy. 
D)  environmental requirements. 
E)  metabolism.

Question 17

The chondrichthyans,including sharks,skates,rays,and chimaeras,

Accepted Answer

A)  are hagfishes. 
B)  have heavy external armor. 
C)  have an open circulatory system. 
D)  have skeletons with little cartilage. 
E)  have flexible,leathery skin. 
A)  are hagfishes. 
B)  have heavy external armor. 
C)  have an open circulatory system. 
D)  have skeletons with little cartilage. 
E)  have flexible,leathery skin.

Question 18

Which statement about spider webs and threads is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The webs can function as a home. 
B)  The threads are produced by modified abdominal appendages connected to internal secretory glands. 
C)  The threads are composed primarily of carbohydrates. 
D)  The webs function as a snare for catching prey. 
E)  The threads provide safety lines for climbing. 
A)  The webs can function as a home. 
B)  The threads are produced by modified abdominal appendages connected to internal secretory glands. 
C)  The threads are composed primarily of carbohydrates. 
D)  The webs function as a snare for catching prey. 
E)  The threads provide safety lines for climbing.

Question 19

Which group includes the fewest species?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mollusks 
B)  Bryozoans 
C)  Arthropods 
D)  Nematodes 
E)  Lophotrochozoans 
A)  Mollusks 
B)  Bryozoans 
C)  Arthropods 
D)  Nematodes 
E)  Lophotrochozoans

Question 20

Some mollusks have a rasping feeding structure known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  proboscis. 
B)  rhynchocoel. 
C)  radula. 
D)  corona. 
E)  mastax. 
A)  proboscis. 
B)  rhynchocoel. 
C)  radula. 
D)  corona. 
E)  mastax.

Exam 23: Animal Origins and Diversity

It is thought that jaws,which are found in the higher vertebrates,evolved from

Which trait unites the deuterostomes but not the protostomes?

In the history of animals,which characteristic arose after the evolution of the cnidarians?

A pseudocoelomate animal lacks a

Many lineages of lophotrochozoans have a free-living larva known as a

You are in a tropical forest and find an organism that has bony vertebrae and no legs,lays eggs in moist patches,and carries out gaseous exchange through its skin.You have found a(n)

The centipedes and millipedes belong to which group?

Which arthropod group includes the dragonflies?

When a starfish,a type of echinoderm,is resting on the seafloor,its _______ face(s)the seafloor,whereas the _______ is on the upper surface of the animal.

What is the main difference between a coelom and a pseudocoelom?

Prototherians differ from other mammals in that they

Homo sapiens expanded out of Africa about _______ years ago.

The terms "acoelomate," "pseudocoelomate," and "coelomate" refer to

Organisms of which group are probably most similar to ancestral arthropods?

Which body part in a mollusk secretes the shell?

Bilaterally symmetrical animals can be divided into two major groups that separated during the Cambrian.These two lineages differ fundamentally in their

The chondrichthyans,including sharks,skates,rays,and chimaeras,

Which statement about spider webs and threads is false?

Which group includes the fewest species?

Some mollusks have a rasping feeding structure known as the

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

When a starfish,a type of echinoderm,is resting on the seafloor,its _ face(s)the seafloor,whereas the _ is on the upper surface of the animal.