Question 1

Which region in a growing root is most directly responsible for pushing the root deeper into the soil?

Accepted Answer

A)  Root cap 
B)  Root apical meristem 
C)  Zone of cell division 
D)  Zone of elongation 
E)  Zone of maturation 
A)  Root cap 
B)  Root apical meristem 
C)  Zone of cell division 
D)  Zone of elongation 
E)  Zone of maturation

Question 2

A mutant mustard plant cannot respond correctly to gravity,and its roots grow in an undirected fashion.The plant most likely has a defective

Accepted Answer

A)  pericycle. 
B)  root cap. 
C)  endodermis. 
D)  apical meristem. 
E)  region of elongation. 
A)  pericycle. 
B)  root cap. 
C)  endodermis. 
D)  apical meristem. 
E)  region of elongation.

Question 3

The ground tissue cells responsible for photosynthesis are _______ cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  sclerenchyma 
B)  parenchyma 
C)  collenchyma 
D)  periderm 
E)  xylem 
A)  sclerenchyma 
B)  parenchyma 
C)  collenchyma 
D)  periderm 
E)  xylem

Question 4

A scientist who has studied the aboveground growth of oak trees,particularly the process of secondary growth of the shoots,wants to conduct the same type of study on root growth in oak trees.What difference,if any,is she likely to find in oak roots as opposed to shoots?

Accepted Answer

A)  A lack of pith,because roots are not woody 
B)  A lack vascular cambium,because roots do not transport 
C)  A lack of cork cambium,because roots do not increase in width 
D)  Additional surface area due to the production of root hairs 
E)  No significant differences 
A)  A lack of pith,because roots are not woody 
B)  A lack vascular cambium,because roots do not transport 
C)  A lack of cork cambium,because roots do not increase in width 
D)  Additional surface area due to the production of root hairs 
E)  No significant differences

Question 5

In all flowering plants,the outer covering,or epidermal layer of cells,arises from which tissue system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vascular 
B)  Ground 
C)  Cork 
D)  Dermal 
E)  Pith 
A)  Vascular 
B)  Ground 
C)  Cork 
D)  Dermal 
E)  Pith

Question 6

An apical meristem differentiates into three primary meristems: protoderm,ground meristem,and procambium.These,in turn,become the tissue systems of the mature root,which,in order from outside to inside,are the _______,_______,and _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  dermal tissue;ground tissue;vascular tissue 
B)  dermal tissue;vascular tissue,ground tissue 
C)  ground tissue;vascular tissue;dermal tissue 
D)  ground tissue;dermal tissue;vascular tissue 
E)  vascular tissue;ground tissue;dermal tissue 
A)  dermal tissue;ground tissue;vascular tissue 
B)  dermal tissue;vascular tissue,ground tissue 
C)  ground tissue;vascular tissue;dermal tissue 
D)  ground tissue;dermal tissue;vascular tissue 
E)  vascular tissue;ground tissue;dermal tissue

Question 7

The plant cell's rigid cell wall determines development by

Accepted Answer

A)  allowing cells to slide past one another. 
B)  preventing cells from damaging one another. 
C)  enabling a given cell to divide in any direction. 
D)  protecting the developing plant from apoptosis,or cell death. 
E)  determining the direction of growth by changing orientation during cytokinesis. 
A)  allowing cells to slide past one another. 
B)  preventing cells from damaging one another. 
C)  enabling a given cell to divide in any direction. 
D)  protecting the developing plant from apoptosis,or cell death. 
E)  determining the direction of growth by changing orientation during cytokinesis.

Question 8

As a plant grows,it produces many axillary buds.These buds develop into new branches and leaves,which grow in both length and thickness.The axillary buds consist of

Accepted Answer

A)  apical meristems. 
B)  lateral meristems. 
C)  root meristems. 
D)  cork cambium. 
E)  vascular cambium. 
A)  apical meristems. 
B)  lateral meristems. 
C)  root meristems. 
D)  cork cambium. 
E)  vascular cambium.

Question 9

Which sequence represents the correct order of vascular tissues from the center to the outer part of a tree trunk?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary xylem $\rightarrow$  secondary xylem $\rightarrow$  vascular cambium $\rightarrow$ secondary phloem $\rightarrow$  primary phloem 
B)  Secondary xylem $\rightarrow$  primary xylem $\rightarrow$  vascular cambium $\rightarrow$ primary phloem $\rightarrow$  secondary phloem 
C)  Primary xylem$\rightarrow$ primary phloem $\rightarrow$  secondary xylem $\rightarrow$  secondary phloem $\rightarrow$ vascular cambium 
D)  Primary xylem $\rightarrow$  primary phloem $\rightarrow$  vascular cambium $\rightarrow$  secondary phloem $\rightarrow$  secondary xylem 
E)  Secondary xylem $\rightarrow$  secondary phloem $\rightarrow$  vascular cambium $\rightarrow$ primary xylem $\rightarrow$  primary phloem 
A)  Primary xylem $\rightarrow$  secondary xylem $\rightarrow$  vascular cambium $\rightarrow$ secondary phloem $\rightarrow$  primary phloem 
B)  Secondary xylem $\rightarrow$  primary xylem $\rightarrow$  vascular cambium $\rightarrow$ primary phloem $\rightarrow$  secondary phloem 
C)  Primary xylem$\rightarrow$ primary phloem $\rightarrow$  secondary xylem $\rightarrow$  secondary phloem $\rightarrow$ vascular cambium 
D)  Primary xylem $\rightarrow$  primary phloem $\rightarrow$  vascular cambium $\rightarrow$  secondary phloem $\rightarrow$  secondary xylem 
E)  Secondary xylem $\rightarrow$  secondary phloem $\rightarrow$  vascular cambium $\rightarrow$ primary xylem $\rightarrow$  primary phloem

Question 10

Which leaf structures allow for gas exchange with the environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stomata 
B)  Hairs 
C)  Cuticle 
D)  Stem 
E)  Epidermal cells 
A)  Stomata 
B)  Hairs 
C)  Cuticle 
D)  Stem 
E)  Epidermal cells

Question 11

In which sequence does an individual plant root cell develop?

Accepted Answer

A)  Division,elongation,maturation 
B)  Division,maturation,elongation 
C)  Elongation,division,maturation 
D)  Elongation,maturation,division 
E)  Maturation,division,elongation 
A)  Division,elongation,maturation 
B)  Division,maturation,elongation 
C)  Elongation,division,maturation 
D)  Elongation,maturation,division 
E)  Maturation,division,elongation

Question 12

Development of which characteristic of kenaf is probably least important to its adoption as a fiber plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Long phloem fibers 
B)  Low lignin content 
C)  Long adventitious roots 
D)  Rapid rate of production 
E)  Long,relatively unbranched stems 
A)  Long phloem fibers 
B)  Low lignin content 
C)  Long adventitious roots 
D)  Rapid rate of production 
E)  Long,relatively unbranched stems

Question 13

Botanists often propagate plants by making a cutting: that is,by planting a section of the plant stem and waiting for it to form roots.The roots formed in this way are called

Accepted Answer

A)  taproots. 
B)  fibrous roots. 
C)  adventitious roots. 
D)  embryonic roots. 
E)  primary roots. 
A)  taproots. 
B)  fibrous roots. 
C)  adventitious roots. 
D)  embryonic roots. 
E)  primary roots.

Question 14

A major function of ground tissue in a plant is

Accepted Answer

A)  photosynthesis. 
B)  protection from herbivory. 
C)  long-distance water conduction. 
D)  long-distance sugar conduction. 
E)  anchoring of the plant in the ground. 
A)  photosynthesis. 
B)  protection from herbivory. 
C)  long-distance water conduction. 
D)  long-distance sugar conduction. 
E)  anchoring of the plant in the ground.

Question 15

A clone of the rain forest plant Zamioculcas zamiifolia (ZZ plant)can be grown from a single leaf,or even a piece of a leaf,of an adult ZZ plant.What plant characteristic makes it possible for the ZZ plant to do this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Radial axis 
B)  Phytomers 
C)  Scattered vascular tissue 
D)  Totipotency 
E)  Rapid rate of development 
A)  Radial axis 
B)  Phytomers 
C)  Scattered vascular tissue 
D)  Totipotency 
E)  Rapid rate of development

Question 16

Seasonal growth of woody shoots includes

Accepted Answer

A)  primary growth only. 
B)  secondary growth only. 
C)  activity of lateral meristems only. 
D)  activity of apical meristems only. 
E)  both primary and secondary growth. 
A)  primary growth only. 
B)  secondary growth only. 
C)  activity of lateral meristems only. 
D)  activity of apical meristems only. 
E)  both primary and secondary growth.

Question 17

Collenchyma and sclerenchyma cells differ in that collenchyma cells

Accepted Answer

A)  are reinforced with lignin. 
B)  are organized into bundles. 
C)  provide support for the plant. 
D)  have unevenly thickened cell walls. 
E)  can have various shapes,including fibers. 
A)  are reinforced with lignin. 
B)  are organized into bundles. 
C)  provide support for the plant. 
D)  have unevenly thickened cell walls. 
E)  can have various shapes,including fibers.

Question 18

In a eudicot,which structure arises from the root's procambium and forms a star-shaped pattern at the center of the root?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pith 
B)  Cortex 
C)  Endodermis 
D)  Xylem 
E)  Root cap 
A)  Pith 
B)  Cortex 
C)  Endodermis 
D)  Xylem 
E)  Root cap

Question 19

Hairlike structures on the leaf epidermis of certain plants can protect the plant against both excessive solar radiation and insect attack.These structures are called

Accepted Answer

A)  thorns. 
B)  stipules. 
C)  bracts. 
D)  trichomes. 
E)  cotyledons. 
A)  thorns. 
B)  stipules. 
C)  bracts. 
D)  trichomes. 
E)  cotyledons.

Question 20

Plant growth is generally indeterminate.This plant characteristic would be most useful to grasses in a meadow when they are exposed to

Accepted Answer

A)  spring flooding. 
B)  constant grazing by cattle. 
C)  unseasonably cold weather. 
D)  extreme drought conditions. 
E)  insufficient nutrient supply. 
A)  spring flooding. 
B)  constant grazing by cattle. 
C)  unseasonably cold weather. 
D)  extreme drought conditions. 
E)  insufficient nutrient supply.

Exam 24: The Plant Body

Which region in a growing root is most directly responsible for pushing the root deeper into the soil?

A mutant mustard plant cannot respond correctly to gravity,and its roots grow in an undirected fashion.The plant most likely has a defective

The ground tissue cells responsible for photosynthesis are _______ cells.

A scientist who has studied the aboveground growth of oak trees,particularly the process of secondary growth of the shoots,wants to conduct the same type of study on root growth in oak trees.What difference,if any,is she likely to find in oak roots as opposed to shoots?

In all flowering plants,the outer covering,or epidermal layer of cells,arises from which tissue system?

An apical meristem differentiates into three primary meristems: protoderm,ground meristem,and procambium.These,in turn,become the tissue systems of the mature root,which,in order from outside to inside,are the _______,_______,and _______.

The plant cell's rigid cell wall determines development by

As a plant grows,it produces many axillary buds.These buds develop into new branches and leaves,which grow in both length and thickness.The axillary buds consist of

Which sequence represents the correct order of vascular tissues from the center to the outer part of a tree trunk?

Which leaf structures allow for gas exchange with the environment?

In which sequence does an individual plant root cell develop?

Development of which characteristic of kenaf is probably least important to its adoption as a fiber plant?

Botanists often propagate plants by making a cutting: that is,by planting a section of the plant stem and waiting for it to form roots.The roots formed in this way are called

A major function of ground tissue in a plant is

A clone of the rain forest plant Zamioculcas zamiifolia (ZZ plant)can be grown from a single leaf,or even a piece of a leaf,of an adult ZZ plant.What plant characteristic makes it possible for the ZZ plant to do this?

Seasonal growth of woody shoots includes

Collenchyma and sclerenchyma cells differ in that collenchyma cells

In a eudicot,which structure arises from the root's procambium and forms a star-shaped pattern at the center of the root?

Hairlike structures on the leaf epidermis of certain plants can protect the plant against both excessive solar radiation and insect attack.These structures are called

Plant growth is generally indeterminate.This plant characteristic would be most useful to grasses in a meadow when they are exposed to

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

An apical meristem differentiates into three primary meristems: protoderm,ground meristem,and procambium.These,in turn,become the tissue systems of the mature root,which,in order from outside to inside,are the ___,_,and _____.