Question 1

What is a major difference between general and specific immunity in plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only specific immunity requires activation by a trigger. 
B)  Only specific immunity involves changes in gene expression. 
C)  General immunity is much stronger than specific immunity. 
D)  General immunity is triggered by proteins;specific immunity is triggered by lipids or phospholipids. 
E)  General immunity responds to entire groups of pathogens;specific immunity responds to individual pathogens. 
A)  Only specific immunity requires activation by a trigger. 
B)  Only specific immunity involves changes in gene expression. 
C)  General immunity is much stronger than specific immunity. 
D)  General immunity is triggered by proteins;specific immunity is triggered by lipids or phospholipids. 
E)  General immunity responds to entire groups of pathogens;specific immunity responds to individual pathogens.

Question 2

Which plant adaptation would be found in a water-saturated,rather than a dry,environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spines 
B)  Fleshy leaves 
C)  Dense epidermal hairs 
D)  Pneumatophores 
E)  Stomata in sunken cavities 
A)  Spines 
B)  Fleshy leaves 
C)  Dense epidermal hairs 
D)  Pneumatophores 
E)  Stomata in sunken cavities

Question 3

In the gene-for-gene resistance mechanism,if a plant has a resistance gene and a pathogen has the matching avirulence gene,the pairing makes the plant

Accepted Answer

A)  resistant only to that pathogen. 
B)  resistant to all pathogens. 
C)  susceptible only to that pathogen. 
D)  susceptible to all pathogens. 
E)  able to trigger the hypersensitive response. 
A)  resistant only to that pathogen. 
B)  resistant to all pathogens. 
C)  susceptible only to that pathogen. 
D)  susceptible to all pathogens. 
E)  able to trigger the hypersensitive response.

Question 4

Recent research has identified the presence of LEA proteins in several groups of animals as well as in plants.In what type of environment do these animals most likely live?

Accepted Answer

A)  Saline 
B)  Arctic 
C)  Desert 
D)  Swampy 
E)  Temperate 
A)  Saline 
B)  Arctic 
C)  Desert 
D)  Swampy 
E)  Temperate

Question 5

Which statement about jasmonate is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a plant hormone. 
B)  Its production is stimulated by elicitors. 
C)  It is part of the signal transduction pathway. 
D)  It is part of the plant's "chemical warfare" defenses. 
E)  It triggers production of volatile compounds that attract predatory insects. 
A)  It is a plant hormone. 
B)  Its production is stimulated by elicitors. 
C)  It is part of the signal transduction pathway. 
D)  It is part of the plant's "chemical warfare" defenses. 
E)  It triggers production of volatile compounds that attract predatory insects.

Question 6

A plant's ability to produce the enzyme chitinase would be most valuable in controlling which type of plant pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Virus 
B)  Fungus 
C)  Bacterium 
D)  Protozoan 
E)  Herbivore 
A)  Virus 
B)  Fungus 
C)  Bacterium 
D)  Protozoan 
E)  Herbivore

Question 7

A fungus infection occurs in the leaves of a plant.This triggers a variety of immune responses,including the production of salicylic acid,which then travels to other parts of the plant.These parts of the plant are later resistant to infection by other fungi.The plant is showing the results of

Accepted Answer

A)  specific immunity. 
B)  constitutive defenses. 
C)  hypersensitive response. 
D)  systemic acquired resistance. 
E)  gene-for-gene resistance. 
A)  specific immunity. 
B)  constitutive defenses. 
C)  hypersensitive response. 
D)  systemic acquired resistance. 
E)  gene-for-gene resistance.

Question 8

A toxic mercury spill occurs,and plants that are adapted to growing in high mercury environments are grown in the contaminated area to take up the toxin.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  desalinization. 
B)  phytoremediation. 
C)  compartmentalization. 
D)  constitutive responses. 
E)  conservation biology. 
A)  desalinization. 
B)  phytoremediation. 
C)  compartmentalization. 
D)  constitutive responses. 
E)  conservation biology.

Question 9

Constitutive defenses of plants include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  cutin. 
B)  wax. 
C)  suberin. 
D)  elicitors. 
E)  cell walls. 
A)  cutin. 
B)  wax. 
C)  suberin. 
D)  elicitors. 
E)  cell walls.

Question 10

The first hormone produced by a plant as part of an induced response to drought stress is

Accepted Answer

A)  ethylene. 
B)  abscisic acid. 
C)  canavanine. 
D)  jasmonate. 
E)  heat shock protein. 
A)  ethylene. 
B)  abscisic acid. 
C)  canavanine. 
D)  jasmonate. 
E)  heat shock protein.

Question 11

Plants in saturated environments such as mangrove swamps are most often subject to which environmental stressor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heat 
B)  Cold 
C)  High salinity 
D)  Slow growth rates 
E)  Low oxygen concentration 
A)  Heat 
B)  Cold 
C)  High salinity 
D)  Slow growth rates 
E)  Low oxygen concentration

Question 12

A plant that lives in a desert and is a "drought avoider" most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  has spines. 
B)  has trichomes. 
C)  is a succulent. 
D)  has periods of dormancy. 
E)  has stomatal crypts. 
A)  has spines. 
B)  has trichomes. 
C)  is a succulent. 
D)  has periods of dormancy. 
E)  has stomatal crypts.

Question 13

Which statement about an induced response to pathogens is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is triggered by a PAMP. 
B)  It can never be genetically determined. 
C)  It is activated when constitutive defenses fail. 
D)  It is the first line of defense against pathogens. 
E)  It is always present and can be initiated at any time. 
A)  It is triggered by a PAMP. 
B)  It can never be genetically determined. 
C)  It is activated when constitutive defenses fail. 
D)  It is the first line of defense against pathogens. 
E)  It is always present and can be initiated at any time.

Question 14

Which evidence would best support the hypothesis that the presence of toxic latex in plant leaves deters insects from feeding on the plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Latex-producing plants have high survival rates. 
B)  Many insects do not feed on latex-producing plants. 
C)  Latex-producing plants release latex when their leaves are damaged. 
D)  Beetles that cut veins in the leaves can then feed on the released latex. 
E)  Beetles that drain latex out of part of a leaf can then feed on the drained part. 
A)  Latex-producing plants have high survival rates. 
B)  Many insects do not feed on latex-producing plants. 
C)  Latex-producing plants release latex when their leaves are damaged. 
D)  Beetles that cut veins in the leaves can then feed on the released latex. 
E)  Beetles that drain latex out of part of a leaf can then feed on the drained part.

Question 15

Desert plants such as cacti can take up copious amounts of water quickly and use it slowly during long dry periods because of their

Accepted Answer

A)  trichomes. 
B)  fleshy leaves. 
C)  pneumatophores. 
D)  shallow but extensive roots. 
E)  high concentrations of proline. 
A)  trichomes. 
B)  fleshy leaves. 
C)  pneumatophores. 
D)  shallow but extensive roots. 
E)  high concentrations of proline.

Question 16

Non-water-soluble (hydrophobic)poisons would be stored in a plant's

Accepted Answer

A)  vacuoles. 
B)  chloroplasts. 
C)  Golgi bodies. 
D)  cell membranes. 
E)  epidermal waxes. 
A)  vacuoles. 
B)  chloroplasts. 
C)  Golgi bodies. 
D)  cell membranes. 
E)  epidermal waxes.

Question 17

A plant produces the substance camalexin in response to a pathogen.Before camalexin could be produced,which type of gene had to be activated in the plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  A PAMP gene 
B)  An avirulence (Avr)gene 
C)  A resistance (R)gene 
D)  A pathogenesis-related (PR)gene 
E)  A gene coding for a phytoalexin synthetase 
A)  A PAMP gene 
B)  An avirulence (Avr)gene 
C)  A resistance (R)gene 
D)  A pathogenesis-related (PR)gene 
E)  A gene coding for a phytoalexin synthetase

Question 18

A desert plant shedding its leaves during the dry season is engaged in

Accepted Answer

A)  succulence. 
B)  drought avoidance. 
C)  drought hardening. 
D)  hyperaccumulation. 
E)  solute accumulation. 
A)  succulence. 
B)  drought avoidance. 
C)  drought hardening. 
D)  hyperaccumulation. 
E)  solute accumulation.

Question 19

The negative water potential of plant cells that is necessary for water uptake must become even more negative in _______ and _______ environments.

Accepted Answer

A)  hot;dry 
B)  hot;wet 
C)  saline;dry 
D)  saline;wet 
E)  cold;high heavy-metal 
A)  hot;dry 
B)  hot;wet 
C)  saline;dry 
D)  saline;wet 
E)  cold;high heavy-metal

Question 20

The presence of necrotic lesions on the leaves of a plant would suggest that the plant

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot fight off a pathogen. 
B)  has been killed by a pathogen. 
C)  has prevented a pathogen from spreading. 
D)  has successfully fought off a pathogen. 
E)  has stopped a pathogen,but only temporarily. 
A)  cannot fight off a pathogen. 
B)  has been killed by a pathogen. 
C)  has prevented a pathogen from spreading. 
D)  has successfully fought off a pathogen. 
E)  has stopped a pathogen,but only temporarily.

Exam 28: Plants in the Environment

What is a major difference between general and specific immunity in plants?

Which plant adaptation would be found in a water-saturated,rather than a dry,environment?

In the gene-for-gene resistance mechanism,if a plant has a resistance gene and a pathogen has the matching avirulence gene,the pairing makes the plant

Recent research has identified the presence of LEA proteins in several groups of animals as well as in plants.In what type of environment do these animals most likely live?

Which statement about jasmonate is false?

A plant's ability to produce the enzyme chitinase would be most valuable in controlling which type of plant pathogen?

A fungus infection occurs in the leaves of a plant.This triggers a variety of immune responses,including the production of salicylic acid,which then travels to other parts of the plant.These parts of the plant are later resistant to infection by other fungi.The plant is showing the results of

A toxic mercury spill occurs,and plants that are adapted to growing in high mercury environments are grown in the contaminated area to take up the toxin.This is an example of

Constitutive defenses of plants include all of the following except

The first hormone produced by a plant as part of an induced response to drought stress is

Plants in saturated environments such as mangrove swamps are most often subject to which environmental stressor?

A plant that lives in a desert and is a "drought avoider" most likely

Which statement about an induced response to pathogens is true?

Which evidence would best support the hypothesis that the presence of toxic latex in plant leaves deters insects from feeding on the plant?

Desert plants such as cacti can take up copious amounts of water quickly and use it slowly during long dry periods because of their

Non-water-soluble (hydrophobic)poisons would be stored in a plant's

A plant produces the substance camalexin in response to a pathogen.Before camalexin could be produced,which type of gene had to be activated in the plant?

A desert plant shedding its leaves during the dry season is engaged in

The negative water potential of plant cells that is necessary for water uptake must become even more negative in _______ and _______ environments.

The presence of necrotic lesions on the leaves of a plant would suggest that the plant

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

The negative water potential of plant cells that is necessary for water uptake must become even more negative in _ and _ environments.