Question 1

The rate at which the world's population is increasing is slowing because

Accepted Answer

A)  birth rates have declined more quickly than death rates have declined. 
B)  the long-term carrying capacity of Earth is increasing. 
C)  the long-term carrying capacity of Earth is decreasing. 
D)  death rates have increased more quickly than birth rates have increased. 
E)  of climate change. 
A)  birth rates have declined more quickly than death rates have declined. 
B)  the long-term carrying capacity of Earth is increasing. 
C)  the long-term carrying capacity of Earth is decreasing. 
D)  death rates have increased more quickly than birth rates have increased. 
E)  of climate change.

Question 2

To reduce the incidence of Lyme disease,the most important factor is to control the population size of _______,because this in turn reduces the number of larval ticks that _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  deer;hatch from eggs 
B)  deer;find blood meals 
C)  rodents;hatch from eggs 
D)  rodents;find blood meals 
E)  cattle;hatch from eggs 
A)  deer;hatch from eggs 
B)  deer;find blood meals 
C)  rodents;hatch from eggs 
D)  rodents;find blood meals 
E)  cattle;hatch from eggs

Question 3

You are managing a metapopulation of a threatened beetle that lives on a plant that is found in patches.Because of the distribution of its host plant,the beetle is also found in patches,and these patches vary in size.If you are faced with limited resources and cannot attempt to save all of the beetle subpopulations,where should you concentrate your efforts,and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  On the smallest patches,because these are at highest risk for extinction 
B)  On the smallest patches,because subpopulations in these patches will have the highest growth rates 
C)  On the smallest patches,because these have the lowest likelihood of being affected by environmental disturbances 
D)  On the largest patches,because these have the highest potential to reseed the other patches 
E)  On whichever patches are most convenient,because patch size does not matter 
A)  On the smallest patches,because these are at highest risk for extinction 
B)  On the smallest patches,because subpopulations in these patches will have the highest growth rates 
C)  On the smallest patches,because these have the lowest likelihood of being affected by environmental disturbances 
D)  On the largest patches,because these have the highest potential to reseed the other patches 
E)  On whichever patches are most convenient,because patch size does not matter

Question 4

In the study of cactus finches in the Galápagos,the most important environmental factor influencing survival rate was discovered to be

Accepted Answer

A)  rainfall. 
B)  temperature. 
C)  parasites. 
D)  predation. 
E)  tick abundance. 
A)  rainfall. 
B)  temperature. 
C)  parasites. 
D)  predation. 
E)  tick abundance.

Question 5

Births,deaths,and other processes that add to or subtract from populations are all considered _______ events.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Births,deaths,and other processes that add to or...

Question 6

Which change is most likely to increase r?

Accepted Answer

A)  A decrease in survivorship at a given age 
B)  An increase in the mortality at a given age 
C)  A decrease in fecundity at a given age 
D)  Reproduction switching to older individuals 
E)  Reproduction switching to younger individuals 
A)  A decrease in survivorship at a given age 
B)  An increase in the mortality at a given age 
C)  A decrease in fecundity at a given age 
D)  Reproduction switching to older individuals 
E)  Reproduction switching to younger individuals

Question 7

Which statement best describes an important distinction between the BD model and the BIDE model?

Accepted Answer

A)  In the BIDE model,once the density equals zero,it remains at zero.In the BD model,density can go from zero to non-zero. 
B)  In the BD model,birth rates can never be less than zero.In the BIDE model,the birth rate can be less than zero. 
C)  In the BIDE model,birth rates can never be less than zero.In the BD model,the birth rate can be less than zero. 
D)  In the BD model,death rates can never be less than zero.In the BIDE model,the death rate can be less than zero. 
E)  In the BD model,once the density equals zero,it remains at zero.In the BIDE model,density can go from zero to non-zero. 
A)  In the BIDE model,once the density equals zero,it remains at zero.In the BD model,density can go from zero to non-zero. 
B)  In the BD model,birth rates can never be less than zero.In the BIDE model,the birth rate can be less than zero. 
C)  In the BIDE model,birth rates can never be less than zero.In the BD model,the birth rate can be less than zero. 
D)  In the BD model,death rates can never be less than zero.In the BIDE model,the death rate can be less than zero. 
E)  In the BD model,once the density equals zero,it remains at zero.In the BIDE model,density can go from zero to non-zero.

Question 8

The agent that causes Lyme disease is a

Accepted Answer

A)  bacterium. 
B)  virus. 
C)  tick. 
D)  fungus. 
E)  protist. 
A)  bacterium. 
B)  virus. 
C)  tick. 
D)  fungus. 
E)  protist.

Question 9

Assume that a population of marmots fits the BD model,with no movement into or out of the population.If 245 individuals are in the population at the start of the month,43 die during the month,and 37 are born during the month,what is the population size of the marmots at the end of the month?

Accepted Answer

A)  202 
B)  239 
C)  251 
D)  282 
E)  325 
A)  202 
B)  239 
C)  251 
D)  282 
E)  325

Question 10

The primary feeding source of adult black-legged ticks is

Accepted Answer

A)  deer. 
B)  rodents. 
C)  birds. 
D)  humans. 
E)  acorns. 
A)  deer. 
B)  rodents. 
C)  birds. 
D)  humans. 
E)  acorns.

Question 11

Which event is a life-history trade-off?

Accepted Answer

A)  A mutation in a nematode reduces both survivorship to a given age and fecundity. 
B)  Strains of Drosophila melanogaster that reproduce early do not live very long. 
C)  Stress causes mice to allocate more resources to maintaining proper balance of metabolites. 
D)  Stress reduces fecundity in mice. 
E)  Baboon populations that are well nourished have a higher rate of population growth than those that are not. 
A)  A mutation in a nematode reduces both survivorship to a given age and fecundity. 
B)  Strains of Drosophila melanogaster that reproduce early do not live very long. 
C)  Stress causes mice to allocate more resources to maintaining proper balance of metabolites. 
D)  Stress reduces fecundity in mice. 
E)  Baboon populations that are well nourished have a higher rate of population growth than those that are not.

Question 12

According to Malthus,the food supply for humans increases _______,but the population grows _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  logistically;multiplicatively 
B)  logistically;additively 
C)  multiplicatively;additively 
D)  multiplicatively;logistically 
E)  additively;multiplicatively 
A)  logistically;multiplicatively 
B)  logistically;additively 
C)  multiplicatively;additively 
D)  multiplicatively;logistically 
E)  additively;multiplicatively

Question 13

In what way are rockfish and the ticks that cause Lyme disease most similar?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both provision their young with oily droplets. 
B)  In both species,relatively few egg-laying adults are required to maintain the population. 
C)  Humans are trying to increase the population sizes of both species. 
D)  Humans are trying to decrease the population sizes of both species. 
E)  Both transmit diseases to humans. 
A)  Both provision their young with oily droplets. 
B)  In both species,relatively few egg-laying adults are required to maintain the population. 
C)  Humans are trying to increase the population sizes of both species. 
D)  Humans are trying to decrease the population sizes of both species. 
E)  Both transmit diseases to humans.

Question 14

Each month,the per capita birth rate of a population is b,and the per capita death rate is d.The initial size of the population is N.Assuming that the birth and death rates remain constant,what formula represents the population size after five months? [Hint: Think about how populations increase,and generate a formula based on that knowledge.]

Accepted Answer

A)  N × (b - d) 
B)  N × 5(b - d) 
C)  N × (b - d)5 
D)  N × (1 + b - d) 
E)  N × (1 + b - d)5 
A)  N × (b - d) 
B)  N × 5(b - d) 
C)  N × (b - d)5 
D)  N × (1 + b - d) 
E)  N × (1 + b - d)5

Question 15

An increase in the amount of serpentine soil in the region where Edith's checkerspot butterflies are found would likely lead to a(n)_______ in the population of this butterfly because _______ in serpentine soil.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase;their predators cannot live 
B)  increase;fewer parasites are found 
C)  increase;their food source is found only 
D)  decrease;their host plants do not perform well 
E)  decrease;their competitors thrive 
A)  increase;their predators cannot live 
B)  increase;fewer parasites are found 
C)  increase;their food source is found only 
D)  decrease;their host plants do not perform well 
E)  decrease;their competitors thrive

Question 16

For conservation purposes,a continuous corridor of habitat would be least needed for a species

Accepted Answer

A)  with low dispersal ability. 
B)  with a low birth rate. 
C)  that can fly. 
D)  with a metapopulation structure. 
E)  that is wingless. 
A)  with low dispersal ability. 
B)  with a low birth rate. 
C)  that can fly. 
D)  with a metapopulation structure. 
E)  that is wingless.

Question 17

Use the following to answer questions :
Suppose that of a sample of 300 mice in a mouse colony born in January,150 are still alive at the start of September.
-What is the survivorship up to the start of September?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.15 
B)  0.30 
C)  0.45 
D)  0.50 
E)  0.60 
A)  0.15 
B)  0.30 
C)  0.45 
D)  0.50 
E)  0.60

Question 18

The pH in a fish tank decreases.Although there is no change in the amount of resources and predation is minimal,the more acidic conditions are stressful to minnows.What will most likely happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  The population growth rate will increase. 
B)  The fish will allocate more resources to defense. 
C)  The fish will allocate more resources to maintenance. 
D)  The fish will allocate more resources to growth. 
E)  Life expectancy will increase. 
A)  The population growth rate will increase. 
B)  The fish will allocate more resources to defense. 
C)  The fish will allocate more resources to maintenance. 
D)  The fish will allocate more resources to growth. 
E)  Life expectancy will increase.

Question 19

One reason that many butterflies are distributed in patches is that they feed on particular species of plants which themselves are not evenly distributed.These plants represent _______ for the butterflies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One reason that many butterflies are distributed...

Question 20

Assuming constant rates,which population could persist indefinitely?

Accepted Answer

A)  One with a per capita growth rate of ‒0.02 
B)  One with a per capita birth rate of 0.05 and a per capita death rate of 0.07 
C)  One with a per capita birth rate of 0.13 and a per capita death rate of 0.16 
D)  One with a per capita birth rate of 0.11 and a per capita death rate of 0.07 
E)  None of the above 
A)  One with a per capita growth rate of ‒0.02 
B)  One with a per capita birth rate of 0.05 and a per capita death rate of 0.07 
C)  One with a per capita birth rate of 0.13 and a per capita death rate of 0.16 
D)  One with a per capita birth rate of 0.11 and a per capita death rate of 0.07 
E)  None of the above

Exam 42: Populations

The rate at which the world's population is increasing is slowing because

To reduce the incidence of Lyme disease,the most important factor is to control the population size of _______,because this in turn reduces the number of larval ticks that _______.

In the study of cactus finches in the Galápagos,the most important environmental factor influencing survival rate was discovered to be

Births,deaths,and other processes that add to or subtract from populations are all considered _______ events.

Which change is most likely to increase r?

Which statement best describes an important distinction between the BD model and the BIDE model?

The agent that causes Lyme disease is a

Assume that a population of marmots fits the BD model,with no movement into or out of the population.If 245 individuals are in the population at the start of the month,43 die during the month,and 37 are born during the month,what is the population size of the marmots at the end of the month?

The primary feeding source of adult black-legged ticks is

Which event is a life-history trade-off?

According to Malthus,the food supply for humans increases _______,but the population grows _______.

In what way are rockfish and the ticks that cause Lyme disease most similar?

An increase in the amount of serpentine soil in the region where Edith's checkerspot butterflies are found would likely lead to a(n)_______ in the population of this butterfly because _______ in serpentine soil.

For conservation purposes,a continuous corridor of habitat would be least needed for a species

Use the following to answer questions : Suppose that of a sample of 300 mice in a mouse colony born in January,150 are still alive at the start of September. -What is the survivorship up to the start of September?

The pH in a fish tank decreases.Although there is no change in the amount of resources and predation is minimal,the more acidic conditions are stressful to minnows.What will most likely happen?

One reason that many butterflies are distributed in patches is that they feed on particular species of plants which themselves are not evenly distributed.These plants represent _______ for the butterflies.

Assuming constant rates,which population could persist indefinitely?

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

To reduce the incidence of Lyme disease,the most important factor is to control the population size of _,because this in turn reduces the number of larval ticks that _.

According to Malthus,the food supply for humans increases _,but the population grows _.

An increase in the amount of serpentine soil in the region where Edith's checkerspot butterflies are found would likely lead to a(n)_ in the population of this butterfly because _ in serpentine soil.