Question 1

Approximately when did Greek thinkers begin to substitute natural for supernatural explanations of nature and reality?

Accepted Answer

A)  in the seventh and eighth centuries BCE 
B)  in the fourth and fifth centuries BCE 
C)  in the first and second centuries BCE 
D)  in the first and second centuries AD 
A)  in the seventh and eighth centuries BCE 
B)  in the fourth and fifth centuries BCE 
C)  in the first and second centuries BCE 
D)  in the first and second centuries AD B

Question 2

Penny is a recovering drug addict. Her treatment program emphasizes the influence of her environment - "people, places, and things" - on her use of her drug of choice. Her program reflects the ________ approach in psychology.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychoanalytic 
B)  behaviorist 
C)  humanistic 
D)  psychobiological 
A)  psychoanalytic 
B)  behaviorist 
C)  humanistic 
D)  psychobiological B

Question 3

Consider the following scenarios: (1) Marie takes an aspirin when she has a headache; (2) Jan slides a dollar bill into a vending machine when she's thirsty; (3) Tammy makes her curfew now because her parents confiscated her phone when she stayed out too late; and (4) Frankie no longer curses because his mom washed his mouth out with soap the last time he swore. Which of these individuals illustrates the effects of negative reinforcement? Which of these individuals illustrates the effects of punishment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Negative reinforcement - Marie and Tammy; punishment - Frankie 
B)  Negative reinforcement - Marie and Frankie; punishment - Tammy 
C)  Negative reinforcement - Marie; punishment - Tammy and Frankie 
D)  Negative reinforcement - Marie and Jan; punishment - Tammy and Frankie 
A)  Negative reinforcement - Marie and Tammy; punishment - Frankie 
B)  Negative reinforcement - Marie and Frankie; punishment - Tammy 
C)  Negative reinforcement - Marie; punishment - Tammy and Frankie 
D)  Negative reinforcement - Marie and Jan; punishment - Tammy and Frankie C

Question 4

Which term refers to "looking inward" and was a method of behavioral investigation developed by Wundt.

Accepted Answer

A)  functionalism 
B)  structuralism 
C)  Gestalt 
D)  voluntarism This answer should be introspection. Voluntarism suggests that much of behavior is motivated-that is, that we focus our attention on something for a purpose. 
A)  functionalism 
B)  structuralism 
C)  Gestalt 
D)  voluntarism This answer should be introspection. Voluntarism suggests that much of behavior is motivated-that is, that we focus our attention on something for a purpose.

Question 5

By the information processing perspective in psychology, hardware is to software as ______ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  brain; mind 
B)  mind; brain 
C)  mind; behavior 
D)  unconscious; conscious 
A)  brain; mind 
B)  mind; brain 
C)  mind; behavior 
D)  unconscious; conscious

Question 6

In recent years, approximately half the recent doctorates in psychology have been awarded in the subfield of ________ psychology.

Accepted Answer

A)  educational 
B)  counseling 
C)  clinical 
D)  experimental 
A)  educational 
B)  counseling 
C)  clinical 
D)  experimental

Question 7

Which of the following types of evidence provided the foundation for Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  survey responses of large samples of adults 
B)  observations of adults in everyday contexts 
C)  archival data: newspaper reports, historical records, and the like 
D)  case studies of patients in therapy 
A)  survey responses of large samples of adults 
B)  observations of adults in everyday contexts 
C)  archival data: newspaper reports, historical records, and the like 
D)  case studies of patients in therapy

Question 8

A large group of people with a set of shared beliefs and practices is referred to as a(n) __________.
Actual definition: a set of
common beliefs, practices, values, and history that are transmitted across generations

Accepted Answer

The answer of A large group of people with a...

Question 9

Which perspective below is CORRECTLY matched with its description?

Accepted Answer

A)  structuralism -- emphasized the purpose of mental processes 
B)  functionalism -- emphasized the elements of mental experience 
C)  behaviorism -- emphasized the unconscious determinants of behavior 
D)  Gestalt psychology -- emphasized the organization of perception 
A)  structuralism -- emphasized the purpose of mental processes 
B)  functionalism -- emphasized the elements of mental experience 
C)  behaviorism -- emphasized the unconscious determinants of behavior 
D)  Gestalt psychology -- emphasized the organization of perception

Question 10

According to Bandura, what mechanism describes how children learn?

Accepted Answer

Social obs

Question 11

Humans have inborn tendencies to impose structure on what they see. These tendencies cause humans to perceive ________________ rather than individual sensations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Humans have inborn tendencies to impose structure...

Question 12

The first philosopher to promote empirical or testable investigations of the natural world was __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first philosopher to promote empirical or...

Question 13

A famous artistic style known as pointillism uses small colored points of paint to create an image. When humans look at such a painting, they see a distinct image rather than a bunch of points?

Accepted Answer

According to Gestalt principle

Question 14

Which behaviorist below is CORRECTLY matched with a description or contribution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bandura - demonstrated the conditioning of fear in children 
B)  Pavlov - demonstrated learning through social observation 
C)  Watson - credited with the discovery of conditioning 
D)  Skinner - the leading behaviorist after World War II 
A)  Bandura - demonstrated the conditioning of fear in children 
B)  Pavlov - demonstrated learning through social observation 
C)  Watson - credited with the discovery of conditioning 
D)  Skinner - the leading behaviorist after World War II

Question 15

Based on your text's discussion, traditional psychotherapy is to positive psychotherapy as _______ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  preventive medicine; curative medicine 
B)  curative medicine; preventive medicine 
C)  humanistic therapy; psychoanalytic therapy 
D)  psychoanalytic therapy; behavioral therapy 
A)  preventive medicine; curative medicine 
B)  curative medicine; preventive medicine 
C)  humanistic therapy; psychoanalytic therapy 
D)  psychoanalytic therapy; behavioral therapy

Question 16

Which of the following is not a typical symptom related to depression?

Accepted Answer

A)  feelings of helplessness 
B)  neurotransmitter imbalances 
C)  significant achievements 
D)  feelings of hopelessness 
A)  feelings of helplessness 
B)  neurotransmitter imbalances 
C)  significant achievements 
D)  feelings of hopelessness

Question 17

The principles of behaviorism have been applied to numerous industries.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which respect to psychology today, which of the following statements is MOST TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  A single theoretical orientation dominates present-day psychology. 
B)  Ultimately, a unified theory of behavior and mental processes will emerge. 
C)  Multiple theoretical approaches exist in psychology because we have made little progress in understanding thought and behavior. 
D)  Psychology is diverse in its theoretical orientations because the subject matter of psychology is diverse. 
A)  A single theoretical orientation dominates present-day psychology. 
B)  Ultimately, a unified theory of behavior and mental processes will emerge. 
C)  Multiple theoretical approaches exist in psychology because we have made little progress in understanding thought and behavior. 
D)  Psychology is diverse in its theoretical orientations because the subject matter of psychology is diverse.

Question 19

Which of the following goals of psychology is CORRECTLY matched with an example?

Accepted Answer

A)  description - A research assistant records the number of aggressive acts children display during a 15-minute recess period. 
B)  prediction - A sports psychologist determines whether increased testosterone produces increased aggression among student athletes. 
C)  explanation - A team of educators develops a program to decrease aggression among schoolchildren. 
D)  control - A researcher assesses whether adults are more likely to feel depressed when they have experienced recent major losses than when they have not. 
A)  description - A research assistant records the number of aggressive acts children display during a 15-minute recess period. 
B)  prediction - A sports psychologist determines whether increased testosterone produces increased aggression among student athletes. 
C)  explanation - A team of educators develops a program to decrease aggression among schoolchildren. 
D)  control - A researcher assesses whether adults are more likely to feel depressed when they have experienced recent major losses than when they have not.

Question 20

Socrates believed that "truth" is an objective concept that is not dependent on perception.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Approximately when did Greek thinkers begin to substitute natural for supernatural explanations of nature and reality?

Penny is a recovering drug addict. Her treatment program emphasizes the influence of her environment - "people, places, and things" - on her use of her drug of choice. Her program reflects the ________ approach in psychology.

Which term refers to "looking inward" and was a method of behavioral investigation developed by Wundt.

By the information processing perspective in psychology, hardware is to software as is to __.

In recent years, approximately half the recent doctorates in psychology have been awarded in the subfield of ________ psychology.

Which of the following types of evidence provided the foundation for Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

A large group of people with a set of shared beliefs and practices is referred to as a(n) __________. Actual definition: a set of common beliefs, practices, values, and history that are transmitted across generations

Which perspective below is CORRECTLY matched with its description?

According to Bandura, what mechanism describes how children learn?

Humans have inborn tendencies to impose structure on what they see. These tendencies cause humans to perceive ________________ rather than individual sensations.

The first philosopher to promote empirical or testable investigations of the natural world was __________.

A famous artistic style known as pointillism uses small colored points of paint to create an image. When humans look at such a painting, they see a distinct image rather than a bunch of points?

Which behaviorist below is CORRECTLY matched with a description or contribution?

Based on your text's discussion, traditional psychotherapy is to positive psychotherapy as _ is to __.

Which of the following is not a typical symptom related to depression?

The principles of behaviorism have been applied to numerous industries.

Which respect to psychology today, which of the following statements is MOST TRUE?

Which of the following goals of psychology is CORRECTLY matched with an example?

Socrates believed that "truth" is an objective concept that is not dependent on perception.

Psychology As a Science

Human Development

Neuroscience

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Language and Thought

Intelligence

Motivation

Emotion

Personality

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 1: Psychology: Yesterday and Today

Approximately when did Greek thinkers begin to substitute natural for supernatural explanations of nature and reality?

Penny is a recovering drug addict. Her treatment program emphasizes the influence of her environment - "people, places, and things" - on her use of her drug of choice. Her program reflects the ________ approach in psychology.

Which term refers to "looking inward" and was a method of behavioral investigation developed by Wundt.

By the information processing perspective in psychology, hardware is to software as ______ is to ________.

In recent years, approximately half the recent doctorates in psychology have been awarded in the subfield of ________ psychology.

Which of the following types of evidence provided the foundation for Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

A large group of people with a set of shared beliefs and practices is referred to as a(n) __________. Actual definition: a set of common beliefs, practices, values, and history that are transmitted across generations

Which perspective below is CORRECTLY matched with its description?

According to Bandura, what mechanism describes how children learn?

Humans have inborn tendencies to impose structure on what they see. These tendencies cause humans to perceive ________________ rather than individual sensations.

The first philosopher to promote empirical or testable investigations of the natural world was __________.

A famous artistic style known as pointillism uses small colored points of paint to create an image. When humans look at such a painting, they see a distinct image rather than a bunch of points?

Which behaviorist below is CORRECTLY matched with a description or contribution?

Based on your text's discussion, traditional psychotherapy is to positive psychotherapy as _______ is to ________.

Which of the following is not a typical symptom related to depression?

The principles of behaviorism have been applied to numerous industries.

Which respect to psychology today, which of the following statements is MOST TRUE?

Which of the following goals of psychology is CORRECTLY matched with an example?

Socrates believed that "truth" is an objective concept that is not dependent on perception.

Psychology As a Science

Human Development

Neuroscience

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Language and Thought

Intelligence

Motivation

Emotion

Personality

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

By the information processing perspective in psychology, hardware is to software as is to __.

Based on your text's discussion, traditional psychotherapy is to positive psychotherapy as _ is to __.