Exam 18: A Macroscopic Description of Matter

The figure (not to scale)shows a pV diagram for 1.8 g of helium gas (He)that undergoes the process 1 → 2 → 3.Find the value of V₃.The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K,and the atomic weight of helium is 4.0 g/mol.

The figure shows a pV diagram for 4.3 g of oxygen gas (O₂)in a sealed container.The temperature T₁ of the gas in state 1 is 21°C.What are the temperatures T₃ and T₄ of the gas in states 3 and 4? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K,and the ATOMIC weight of oxygen is 16 g/mol.

Two steel spheres are made of the same material and have the same diameter,but one is solid and the other is hollow.If their temperature is increased by the same amount,

The number of molecules in one mole of a substance

If a certain sample of an ideal gas has a temperature of 109°C and exerts a pressure of on the walls of its container,how many gas molecules are present in each cubic centimeter of volume? The ideal gas constant is 8.314 J/mol · K and Avogadro's number is 6.022 × 10²³ molecules/mol.

A 25-L container holds ideal hydrogen (H₂)gas at a gauge pressure of 0.25 atm and a temperature of 0°C.What mass of hydrogen gas is in this container? The ATOMIC mass of hydrogen is 1.0 g/mol,the ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K,and 1.00 atm = 101 kPa.

2.0 L of an ideal nitrogen gas (N₂)are at 0.00°C and 1.0 atm.The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K,Avogadro's number is 6.022 × 10²³ molecules/mol,and the ATOMIC mass of nitrogen is 14 g/mol. (a)Determine the number of moles of N₂. (b)How many molecules of N₂ are present? (c)What is the mass of this gas?

1.000 L of water at 20.00°C will occupy what volume if it is heated to 80.00°C? Water has a volume expansion coefficient of 210 × 10^-6/°C.(Express your answer to 4 significant figures.)

The figure shows a pV diagram for 8.3 g of nitrogen gas (N₂)in a sealed container.The temperature T₁ of the gas in state 1 is 79°C.What are (a)the pressure p₁ of the gas in state 1 and (b)the temperature T₂ of the gas in state 2? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = ,and the ATOMIC weight of nitrogen is 14 g/mol.

A rod has a length 2.00000 m at 10.0°C.The length of the rod increases to 2.00060 m when the temperature increases to 30.0°C.What is the coefficient of linear expansion of the material from which the rod is made?

When a vapor condenses,

The interior of a refrigerator has a volume of 0.600 m³.The temperature inside the refrigerator in 282 K,and the pressure is 101 kPa.If the molecular weight of air is 29 g/mol,what is the mass of air inside the refrigerator? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K.

(a)Internal human body temperature is often stated to be normal at 98.6°F.What is this temperature on the Celsius and Kelvin scales? (b)Gallium boils at 2205°C.What is the corresponding temperature in the Fahrenheit and Kelvin scales? (c)The boiling point of liquid nitrogen is 77.0 K.What is the corresponding temperature in the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales?

A bag of potato chips contains 2.00 L of air when it is sealed at sea level at a pressure of 1.00 atm and a temperature of 20.0°C.What will be the volume of the air in the bag if you take it with you,still sealed,to the mountains where the temperature is 7.00°C and atmospheric pressure is 70.0 kPa? Assume that the bag behaves like a balloon and that the air in the bag is in thermal equilibrium with the outside air.(1 atm = 1.01 × 10⁵ Pa)

You want to insert an aluminum rod,which at 20°C has a radius of 1.000200 cm into a copper tube which has a radius of 1.000100 cm at the same temperature.You decide to put both of them in the refrigerator.At what temperature will the rod just fit if both are cooled to the same temperature? The coefficient of thermal expansion for aluminum is 2.4 × 10^-5 K^-1,and that of copper is 1.7 × 10^-5 K^-1.

The coefficient of volume expansion of olive oil is 0.68 × 10^-3 K^-1.A 1.00-L glass beaker is filled to the brim with olive oil at room temperature.The beaker is placed on a range and the temperature of the oil and beaker increases by 25°C.As a result,0.0167 L of olive oil spill over the top of the beaker.What is the coefficient of linear expansion of the glass?

A sealed container holds 0.020 moles of nitrogen (N₂)gas,at a pressure of 1.5 atmospheres and a temperature of 290 K.The atomic mass of nitrogen is 14.0 g/mol.The Boltzmann constant is 1.38 × 10^-23 J/K and the ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol · K = 0.0821 L · atm/mol · K.The mass density of the gas is closest to

A sealed 89- tank is filled with 6000 moles of oxygen gas (O₂)at an initial temperature of 270 K.The gas is heated to a final temperature of 350 K.The ATOMIC mass of oxygen is 16.0 g/mol,and the ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol · K = 0.0821 L · atm/mol · K.The initial pressure of the gas is closest to

For a fixed amount of gas,if the absolute temperature of the gas is doubled,what happens to the pressure of the gas?

What is the mass density of argon gas at pressure 1.00 × 10⁵ N/m² and at temperature 300 K? The mean atomic mass of argon is 39.948 g/mol and the ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = .