Question 1

The use of external cues in patients with PD

Accepted Answer

A) is thought to facilitate movement by utilizing different brain areas and more conscious motor control pathways. 
B) is thought to increases the production of dopamine thus temporarily improving symptoms of the disease 
C) is most appropriate in patients with severe cognitive deficits and dementia. 
D) is most appropriate with dual task training. 
A) is thought to facilitate movement by utilizing different brain areas and more conscious motor control pathways. 
B) is thought to increases the production of dopamine thus temporarily improving symptoms of the disease 
C) is most appropriate in patients with severe cognitive deficits and dementia. 
D) is most appropriate with dual task training. A

Question 2

Which of the following terms refers to the slowness and difficulty maintaining movement that commonly occurs in patients with PD?

Accepted Answer

A) Akinesia 
B) Hypokinesia 
C) Rigidity 
D) Bradykinesia 
A) Akinesia 
B) Hypokinesia 
C) Rigidity 
D) Bradykinesia D

Question 3

In patients with PD

Accepted Answer

A) visual and auditory cues can be used to improve gait. 
B) visual cues should be used but auditory cues should not; most elderly patients suffer from hearing loss. 
C) auditory cues should be used but not visual; visual cues often cause episodes of freezing. 
D) neither auditory nor visual cues should be used because they increase the attentional demands of the activity. 
A) visual and auditory cues can be used to improve gait. 
B) visual cues should be used but auditory cues should not; most elderly patients suffer from hearing loss. 
C) auditory cues should be used but not visual; visual cues often cause episodes of freezing. 
D) neither auditory nor visual cues should be used because they increase the attentional demands of the activity. A

Question 4

Which of the following proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques would be most appropriate to improve mobility and reduce the effects of rigidity in patients with PD?

Accepted Answer

A) Alternating isometrics 
B) Rhythmic initiation 
C) Rhythmic stabilization 
D) Hold-relax-active movement 
A) Alternating isometrics 
B) Rhythmic initiation 
C) Rhythmic stabilization 
D) Hold-relax-active movement

Question 5

When examining standing balance in a patient with early PD it is important to

Accepted Answer

A) begin with standing on a wobble board. 
B) utilize the Berg Balance scale,basic items. 
C) increase the attentional demands with dual tasking. 
D) time static holding in the posture. 
A) begin with standing on a wobble board. 
B) utilize the Berg Balance scale,basic items. 
C) increase the attentional demands with dual tasking. 
D) time static holding in the posture.

Question 6

Which of the following is not a potential cause of secondary parkinsonism?

Accepted Answer

A) Vitamin C deficiency 
B) Disorders of calcium metabolism 
C) Industrial poisons and chemicals (such as manganese) 
D) Drugs 
A) Vitamin C deficiency 
B) Disorders of calcium metabolism 
C) Industrial poisons and chemicals (such as manganese) 
D) Drugs

Question 7

A patient is sweating profusely during a PT session,although the intervention that day is not very demanding,and the gym is cool.The sweating is most likely the result of

Accepted Answer

A) cardiovascular involvement. 
B) autonomic nervous system dysfunction. 
C) increased effort to overcome the effects of rigidity. 
D) an anxiety disorder. 
A) cardiovascular involvement. 
B) autonomic nervous system dysfunction. 
C) increased effort to overcome the effects of rigidity. 
D) an anxiety disorder.

Question 8

The four cardinal signs of Parkinson's disease are

Accepted Answer

A) rigidity,sensory loss,akinesia,micrographia. 
B) bradykinesia,tremor,festinating gait,paresthesia 
C) rigidity,festinating gait,incontinence,sensory loss 
D) bradykinesia,rigidity,tremor,postural instability 
A) rigidity,sensory loss,akinesia,micrographia. 
B) bradykinesia,tremor,festinating gait,paresthesia 
C) rigidity,festinating gait,incontinence,sensory loss 
D) bradykinesia,rigidity,tremor,postural instability

Question 9

Locomotor training in patients with PD should focus on

Accepted Answer

A) increasing stride length using floor markers. 
B) narrowing the base of support using line walking. 
C) working on toe and then heel walking with light touchdown support. 
D) paced walking using low beat music. 
A) increasing stride length using floor markers. 
B) narrowing the base of support using line walking. 
C) working on toe and then heel walking with light touchdown support. 
D) paced walking using low beat music.

Question 10

A therapist is treating a patient with bradykinesia.The most appropriate examination strategy to document the effects of this impairment on the patient's function is

Accepted Answer

A) time how long it takes him to complete a task. 
B) document his level of independence when completing a task. 
C) complete a manual muscle test. 
D) assess functional performance both with and without manual guidance. 
A) time how long it takes him to complete a task. 
B) document his level of independence when completing a task. 
C) complete a manual muscle test. 
D) assess functional performance both with and without manual guidance.

Question 11

Tremors in patients with PD

Accepted Answer

A) are often the first symptom. 
B) are present even during sleep significantly increasing morning fatigue. 
C) are typically present at rest and diminish with voluntary movement. 
D) are easily controlled with cognitive techniques. 
A) are often the first symptom. 
B) are present even during sleep significantly increasing morning fatigue. 
C) are typically present at rest and diminish with voluntary movement. 
D) are easily controlled with cognitive techniques.

Question 12

To compensate for motor learning deficits in patients with PD,the physical therapist should

Accepted Answer

A) incorporate only one or two repetitions of each activity because patients with PD have cognitive deficits. 
B) break down complex movement sequences into component parts using parts to whole practice. 
C) use random practice of complex tasks and activities. 
D) practice dual tasking to improve functional performance. 
A) incorporate only one or two repetitions of each activity because patients with PD have cognitive deficits. 
B) break down complex movement sequences into component parts using parts to whole practice. 
C) use random practice of complex tasks and activities. 
D) practice dual tasking to improve functional performance.

Question 13

Two distinct clinical subgroups have been identified in patients with PD.These two groups are those whose dominant symptoms include

Accepted Answer

A) postural instability/gait disturbances and primary rigidity. 
B) primary rigidity and cognitive impairments. 
C) cognitive impairment and tremor. 
D) tremor and postural instability/gait disturbances. 
A) postural instability/gait disturbances and primary rigidity. 
B) primary rigidity and cognitive impairments. 
C) cognitive impairment and tremor. 
D) tremor and postural instability/gait disturbances.

Question 14

L-dopa is the mainstay of symptomatic treatment for PD.One of its adverse side effects that physical therapists must be aware of when treating patients taking this drug is

Accepted Answer

A) sensory loss. 
B) blurred vision. 
C) orthostatic hypotension. 
D) muscle spasm and cramping. 
A) sensory loss. 
B) blurred vision. 
C) orthostatic hypotension. 
D) muscle spasm and cramping.

Question 15

Which of the following is not true concerning rigidity in patient's with PD?

Accepted Answer

A) It occurs in both agonist and antagonist muscles. 
B) It increases proportionally to the speed of a movement. 
C) It occurs as the first symptom of PD in the majority of people. 
D) It is fairly constant regardless of task. 
A) It occurs in both agonist and antagonist muscles. 
B) It increases proportionally to the speed of a movement. 
C) It occurs as the first symptom of PD in the majority of people. 
D) It is fairly constant regardless of task.

Exam 21: Parkinsons Disease

The use of external cues in patients with PD

Which of the following terms refers to the slowness and difficulty maintaining movement that commonly occurs in patients with PD?

In patients with PD

Which of the following proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques would be most appropriate to improve mobility and reduce the effects of rigidity in patients with PD?

When examining standing balance in a patient with early PD it is important to

Which of the following is not a potential cause of secondary parkinsonism?

A patient is sweating profusely during a PT session,although the intervention that day is not very demanding,and the gym is cool.The sweating is most likely the result of

The four cardinal signs of Parkinson's disease are

Locomotor training in patients with PD should focus on

A therapist is treating a patient with bradykinesia.The most appropriate examination strategy to document the effects of this impairment on the patient's function is

Tremors in patients with PD

To compensate for motor learning deficits in patients with PD,the physical therapist should

Two distinct clinical subgroups have been identified in patients with PD.These two groups are those whose dominant symptoms include

L-dopa is the mainstay of symptomatic treatment for PD.One of its adverse side effects that physical therapists must be aware of when treating patients taking this drug is

Which of the following is not true concerning rigidity in patient's with PD?

Clinical Decision Making

Influence of Psychosocial Factors on Rehabilitation

Influence of Values on Patient Care: Foundation for Decision Making

Vital Signs

Examination of Sensory Function

Musculoskeletal Examination

Examination of Coordination

Examination of Motor Function: Motor Control and Motor Learning

Electromyography and Nerve Conduction Velocity Tests

Examination of Gait

Examination of Functional Status and Activity Level

Examination of the Environment

Strategies to Improve Motor Function

Locomotor Training

Chronic Pulmonary Dysfunction

Heart Disease

Vascular,lymphatic,and Integumentary Disorders

Stroke

Multiple Sclerosis

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

Vestibular Disorders

Amputation

Arthritis

Burns

Chronic Pain

Cognitive and Perceptual Dysfunction

Neurogenic Disorders of Speech and Language

Orthotics

Prosthetics

The Prescriptive Wheelchair

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