Question 1

What is an advantage of using manual resistance for proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation patterns to facilitate strengthening?

Accepted Answer

A) The therapist can provide fixed resistance in midrange. 
B) The therapist can adjust the resistance throughout the range. 
C) The therapist can achieve overload of the muscle quickly. 
D) The therapist can increase strength in straight plane movements. 
A) The therapist can provide fixed resistance in midrange. 
B) The therapist can adjust the resistance throughout the range. 
C) The therapist can achieve overload of the muscle quickly. 
D) The therapist can increase strength in straight plane movements. B

Question 2

During stair climbing the patient demonstrates poor control of hip flexion secondary to weakness placing the foot on the step.What instruction could the therapist give the patient to improve control?

Accepted Answer

A) Try to step up as fast as you are able. 
B) Move against maximal resistance. 
C) Try moving slowly at first then faster. 
D) Push against my hand as fast as you can. 
A) Try to step up as fast as you are able. 
B) Move against maximal resistance. 
C) Try moving slowly at first then faster. 
D) Push against my hand as fast as you can. C

Question 3

The patient demonstrates strength deficits for the concentric contraction of the hip flexors for swing phase of gait.The therapist chooses to provide resistance to the hip flexors in standing through the range of motion from 10º hip extension to 30º hip flexion.What principle of strengthening programs does this demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

A) Overload principle 
B) Specificity principle 
C) Cross-training principle 
D) Reversibility principle 
A) Overload principle 
B) Specificity principle 
C) Cross-training principle 
D) Reversibility principle B

Question 4

How could the therapist facilitate active decision-making by the patient during motor learning?

Accepted Answer

A) Allow the patient to make significant errors without feedback. 
B) Describe the motor task in detail to the patient prior to performance. 
C) Tell the patient what movements she is performing correctly. 
D) Ask the patient questions that promote self-monitoring of movement. 
A) Allow the patient to make significant errors without feedback. 
B) Describe the motor task in detail to the patient prior to performance. 
C) Tell the patient what movements she is performing correctly. 
D) Ask the patient questions that promote self-monitoring of movement.

Question 5

What type of feedback is particularly important in the cognitive stage of motor learning?

Accepted Answer

A) Auditory 
B) Visual 
C) Tactile 
D) Verbal 
A) Auditory 
B) Visual 
C) Tactile 
D) Verbal

Question 6

A therapist chooses an intervention approach that includes primarily hands-on interventions,focusing on the affected extremities while limiting compensatory movements.The therapist's framework is

Accepted Answer

A) proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation. 
B) neuromotor development training. 
C) functional training. 
D) integrating approaches. 
A) proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation. 
B) neuromotor development training. 
C) functional training. 
D) integrating approaches.

Question 7

A patient is able to ambulate with a straight cane in a variety environments while talking with the therapist.What stage of motor learning is described?

Accepted Answer

A) Cognitive stage 
B) Associative stage 
C) Autonomous stage 
D) Psychomotor stage 
A) Cognitive stage 
B) Associative stage 
C) Autonomous stage 
D) Psychomotor stage

Question 8

Why are motor programs important?

Accepted Answer

A) They control all the decisions that need to be made for coordinated,controlled movement. 
B) They allow the individual to have slow,controlled movement based on feedback. 
C) They reduce the degrees of freedom by allowing the nervous system to control synergistic groups of muscles. 
D) They prevent the individual from making errors in movement patterns during movement. 
A) They control all the decisions that need to be made for coordinated,controlled movement. 
B) They allow the individual to have slow,controlled movement based on feedback. 
C) They reduce the degrees of freedom by allowing the nervous system to control synergistic groups of muscles. 
D) They prevent the individual from making errors in movement patterns during movement.

Question 9

With practice,a motor skill is becoming more coordinated.there are fewer errors in performance,and the patient relates that he is beginning to get the "feel" of the movement.What stage of motor learning is described?

Accepted Answer

A) Cognitive stage 
B) Associative stage 
C) Autonomous stage 
D) Psychomotor stage 
A) Cognitive stage 
B) Associative stage 
C) Autonomous stage 
D) Psychomotor stage

Question 10

To facilitate hip and knee extensor strength for sit to stand the therapist has the patient performing partial squats.What is the benefit of this activity?

Accepted Answer

A) Stimulation of joint proprioceptors using a closed-chain exercise 
B) Activation of the prime movers using a closed-chain exercise 
C) Functional training in weightbearing positions using an open-chain exercise 
D) Isolation of key muscles involved using an open-chain exercise 
A) Stimulation of joint proprioceptors using a closed-chain exercise 
B) Activation of the prime movers using a closed-chain exercise 
C) Functional training in weightbearing positions using an open-chain exercise 
D) Isolation of key muscles involved using an open-chain exercise

Question 11

After practicing ambulating with a straight cane in the clinic environment,the patient is observed ambulating with the cane in the mall at the same skill level.What would this be an example of?

Accepted Answer

A) Retention of motor skills 
B) Resistance to contextual change 
C) Generalizability of motor tasks 
D) Transferability of skills 
A) Retention of motor skills 
B) Resistance to contextual change 
C) Generalizability of motor tasks 
D) Transferability of skills

Question 12

What two things are critical in the learning of new motor skills and the correction of ongoing movements?

Accepted Answer

A) Open-loop processes and motor plans 
B) Closed-loop processes and motor plans 
C) Open-loop processes and feedback 
D) Closed-loop processes and feedback 
A) Open-loop processes and motor plans 
B) Closed-loop processes and motor plans 
C) Open-loop processes and feedback 
D) Closed-loop processes and feedback

Question 13

The patient is instructed to practice walking at the mall after walking in a physical therapy clinic 3 times a week for 3 weeks.How does this change the practice?

Accepted Answer

A) It changes practice from blocked to random. 
B) It moves the task from a closed to an open environment. 
C) The practice of gait in the hospital was a lead-up activity. 
D) The practice order is significantly different in the mall. 
A) It changes practice from blocked to random. 
B) It moves the task from a closed to an open environment. 
C) The practice of gait in the hospital was a lead-up activity. 
D) The practice order is significantly different in the mall.

Question 14

The therapist has decided to work with the patient on transfers by having the patient perform bed to wheelchair,wheelchair to mat,wheelchair to couch,and wheelchair to tub transfers during one treatment session.What is the benefit of having the patient practice this way?

Accepted Answer

A) Blocked practice allows the patient to progress quickly. 
B) Random practice is more effective for retention. 
C) Distributed practice works well for complex tasks. 
D) Massed practice increases the speed of learning. 
A) Blocked practice allows the patient to progress quickly. 
B) Random practice is more effective for retention. 
C) Distributed practice works well for complex tasks. 
D) Massed practice increases the speed of learning.

Question 15

What strategy could the therapist use during the cognitive stage of learning a motor skill?

Accepted Answer

A) Correction of all errors in performance 
B) Long,specific instructions for the task 
C) Demonstration of the task by the therapist 
D) Maintaining a "hands off" approach 
A) Correction of all errors in performance 
B) Long,specific instructions for the task 
C) Demonstration of the task by the therapist 
D) Maintaining a "hands off" approach

Question 16

A learner is developing an overall understanding of a skill with inconsistent performance and frequent errors.What stage of motor learning is described?

Accepted Answer

A) Cognitive stage 
B) Associative stage 
C) Autonomous stage 
D) Psychomotor stage 
A) Cognitive stage 
B) Associative stage 
C) Autonomous stage 
D) Psychomotor stage

Question 17

When are serial casts indicated?

Accepted Answer

A) With a patient who is responding to facilitated stretching 
B) With a patient who demonstrates close to normal range of motion 
C) With a patient who is very agitated and cannot tolerate stretching 
D) With a patient who is at risk for development of contractures 
A) With a patient who is responding to facilitated stretching 
B) With a patient who demonstrates close to normal range of motion 
C) With a patient who is very agitated and cannot tolerate stretching 
D) With a patient who is at risk for development of contractures

Question 18

The therapist provides the patient with feedback about performance on a motor task only when the patient's performance falls outside of a prescribed range of performance.What type of feedback is this?

Accepted Answer

A) Summed feedback 
B) Faded feedback 
C) Bandwidth feedback 
D) Delayed feedback 
A) Summed feedback 
B) Faded feedback 
C) Bandwidth feedback 
D) Delayed feedback

Question 19

After examining the patient the therapist determines that distributed practice will benefit the patient most.Which of the following best describes a possible reason for this decision?

Accepted Answer

A) The therapist wants the patient to make a great deal of progress in a short amount of time. 
B) The patient is highly motivated and willing to work on high-level skills. 
C) The therapist is working on a task that is simple and does not require a great deal of energy. 
D) The patient has limited endurance and impaired motor planning skills for the task. 
A) The therapist wants the patient to make a great deal of progress in a short amount of time. 
B) The patient is highly motivated and willing to work on high-level skills. 
C) The therapist is working on a task that is simple and does not require a great deal of energy. 
D) The patient has limited endurance and impaired motor planning skills for the task.

Question 20

The therapist provides the patient with feedback after every practice trial when learning a new motor task.What changes in performance can be expected?

Accepted Answer

A) Slow improvement in performance,but good retention 
B) Slow improvement in performance and poor retention 
C) Rapid improvement in performance,but poor retention 
D) Rapid improvement in performance and good retention 
A) Slow improvement in performance,but good retention 
B) Slow improvement in performance and poor retention 
C) Rapid improvement in performance,but poor retention 
D) Rapid improvement in performance and good retention

Exam 13: Strategies to Improve Motor Function

What is an advantage of using manual resistance for proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation patterns to facilitate strengthening?

During stair climbing the patient demonstrates poor control of hip flexion secondary to weakness placing the foot on the step.What instruction could the therapist give the patient to improve control?

How could the therapist facilitate active decision-making by the patient during motor learning?

What type of feedback is particularly important in the cognitive stage of motor learning?

A therapist chooses an intervention approach that includes primarily hands-on interventions,focusing on the affected extremities while limiting compensatory movements.The therapist's framework is

A patient is able to ambulate with a straight cane in a variety environments while talking with the therapist.What stage of motor learning is described?

Why are motor programs important?

With practice,a motor skill is becoming more coordinated.there are fewer errors in performance,and the patient relates that he is beginning to get the "feel" of the movement.What stage of motor learning is described?

To facilitate hip and knee extensor strength for sit to stand the therapist has the patient performing partial squats.What is the benefit of this activity?

After practicing ambulating with a straight cane in the clinic environment,the patient is observed ambulating with the cane in the mall at the same skill level.What would this be an example of?

What two things are critical in the learning of new motor skills and the correction of ongoing movements?

The patient is instructed to practice walking at the mall after walking in a physical therapy clinic 3 times a week for 3 weeks.How does this change the practice?

The therapist has decided to work with the patient on transfers by having the patient perform bed to wheelchair,wheelchair to mat,wheelchair to couch,and wheelchair to tub transfers during one treatment session.What is the benefit of having the patient practice this way?

What strategy could the therapist use during the cognitive stage of learning a motor skill?

A learner is developing an overall understanding of a skill with inconsistent performance and frequent errors.What stage of motor learning is described?

When are serial casts indicated?

The therapist provides the patient with feedback about performance on a motor task only when the patient's performance falls outside of a prescribed range of performance.What type of feedback is this?

After examining the patient the therapist determines that distributed practice will benefit the patient most.Which of the following best describes a possible reason for this decision?

The therapist provides the patient with feedback after every practice trial when learning a new motor task.What changes in performance can be expected?

Clinical Decision Making

Influence of Psychosocial Factors on Rehabilitation

Influence of Values on Patient Care: Foundation for Decision Making

Vital Signs

Examination of Sensory Function

Musculoskeletal Examination

Examination of Coordination

Examination of Motor Function: Motor Control and Motor Learning

Electromyography and Nerve Conduction Velocity Tests

Examination of Gait

Examination of Functional Status and Activity Level

Examination of the Environment

Locomotor Training

Chronic Pulmonary Dysfunction

Heart Disease

Vascular,lymphatic,and Integumentary Disorders

Stroke

Multiple Sclerosis

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Parkinsons Disease

Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

Vestibular Disorders

Amputation

Arthritis

Burns

Chronic Pain

Cognitive and Perceptual Dysfunction

Neurogenic Disorders of Speech and Language

Orthotics

Prosthetics

The Prescriptive Wheelchair

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