Question 1

What would indicate a normal functioning vestibular system with head-shaking induced nystagmus test?

Accepted Answer

A) Nystagmus will be present with head shaking up and down. 
B) Nystagmus will be present with head shaking left and right. 
C) Nystagmus will be present with eyes open and closed. 
D) Nystagmus will not be present after opening of the eyes. 
A) Nystagmus will be present with head shaking up and down. 
B) Nystagmus will be present with head shaking left and right. 
C) Nystagmus will be present with eyes open and closed. 
D) Nystagmus will not be present after opening of the eyes. D

Question 2

What might the interventions for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo do to improve the patient's symptoms?

Accepted Answer

A) Remove debris from the semicircular canals through repositioning. 
B) Facilatate habituation of the central nervous system to movement. 
C) Stimulate the patient's vestibular system to decrease vertigo. 
D) Develop the use of visual cues for the patient to prevent the onset. 
A) Remove debris from the semicircular canals through repositioning. 
B) Facilatate habituation of the central nervous system to movement. 
C) Stimulate the patient's vestibular system to decrease vertigo. 
D) Develop the use of visual cues for the patient to prevent the onset. A

Question 3

Why is a high tonic firing rate important for the functioning of the vestibular system?

Accepted Answer

A) It means the system responds more quickly to changes in head position. 
B) It means the system responds to changes by rapid excitation of the neurons. 
C) It prevents the system from responding to small changes in head position. 
D) It allows detection of head motion through excitation and inhibition. 
A) It means the system responds more quickly to changes in head position. 
B) It means the system responds to changes by rapid excitation of the neurons. 
C) It prevents the system from responding to small changes in head position. 
D) It allows detection of head motion through excitation and inhibition. D

Question 4

Which of the following would be an appropriate intervention for a patient with bilateral vestibular hypofunction?

Accepted Answer

A) Habituation exercises to facilitate tolerance to head movement 
B) Walking program progressing to different surfaces and environments 
C) High-intensity aerobic exercise to increase endurance for activity 
D) Exercises in which the head and a target move in opposite directions 
A) Habituation exercises to facilitate tolerance to head movement 
B) Walking program progressing to different surfaces and environments 
C) High-intensity aerobic exercise to increase endurance for activity 
D) Exercises in which the head and a target move in opposite directions

Question 5

What is a cause of bilateral vestibular hypofunction?

Accepted Answer

A) Decreased receptor input as a result of a trauma or virus 
B) Increased receptor sensitivity from a viral or vascular event 
C) Ototoxicity from use of certain antibiotics or meningitis 
D) Stimulation of the semicircular canals from dislodged utricle 
A) Decreased receptor input as a result of a trauma or virus 
B) Increased receptor sensitivity from a viral or vascular event 
C) Ototoxicity from use of certain antibiotics or meningitis 
D) Stimulation of the semicircular canals from dislodged utricle

Question 6

Which of the following symptoms should alert the therapist that the patient might have a central versus a peripheral vestibular pathology?

Accepted Answer

A) Positional nystagmus with slow and fast phases 
B) Vertigo that is suppressed by visual fixation 
C) Diplopia lasting longer than 2 weeks after onset 
D) Hearing loss and sensation of fullness in the ears 
A) Positional nystagmus with slow and fast phases 
B) Vertigo that is suppressed by visual fixation 
C) Diplopia lasting longer than 2 weeks after onset 
D) Hearing loss and sensation of fullness in the ears

Question 7

Which of the following movements would stimulate the otolith organs?

Accepted Answer

A) Moving forward in a car while looking out the front window 
B) Moving backward in a car while turning to look behind 
C) Walking in the grocery looking at each side of the aisle 
D) Turning to greet a friend who has just walked into a room 
A) Moving forward in a car while looking out the front window 
B) Moving backward in a car while turning to look behind 
C) Walking in the grocery looking at each side of the aisle 
D) Turning to greet a friend who has just walked into a room

Question 8

How does angular rotation of the head stimulate the semicircular canals?

Accepted Answer

A) It stimulates one of the canals on each side. 
B) It stimulates each of the canals equally. 
C) It stimulates each canal to a varying extent. 
D) It stimulates two canals on each side. 
A) It stimulates one of the canals on each side. 
B) It stimulates each of the canals equally. 
C) It stimulates each canal to a varying extent. 
D) It stimulates two canals on each side.

Question 9

What is a characteristic presentation of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo?

Accepted Answer

A) Vertigo occurs with any head movement and lasts several hours. 
B) Vertigo is present with or without any type of head movement. 
C) Vertigo occurs with any head movement and is usually of brief duration. 
D) Vertigo is present only with sudden,extreme movement of the head. 
A) Vertigo occurs with any head movement and lasts several hours. 
B) Vertigo is present with or without any type of head movement. 
C) Vertigo occurs with any head movement and is usually of brief duration. 
D) Vertigo is present only with sudden,extreme movement of the head.

Question 10

What does a corrective saccade of the eyes indicate during a head thrust test?

Accepted Answer

A) A hypoactive vestibulo-ocular reflex 
B) A hyperactive vestibule-ocular reflex 
C) A hypoactive vestibular system 
D) A hyperactive vestibular system 
A) A hypoactive vestibulo-ocular reflex 
B) A hyperactive vestibule-ocular reflex 
C) A hypoactive vestibular system 
D) A hyperactive vestibular system

Question 11

Dizziness is the most common reason for seeing a physician for which age group?

Accepted Answer

A) Under 25 years old 
B) Over 75 years old 
C) 40 to 50 years old 
D) 80 to 90 years old 
A) Under 25 years old 
B) Over 75 years old 
C) 40 to 50 years old 
D) 80 to 90 years old

Question 12

What is the cause of the most common type of vertigo,benign paroxysmal positional vertigo?

Accepted Answer

A) Decreased receptor input as a result of a trauma or virus 
B) Increased receptor sensitivity from a viral or vascular event 
C) Ototoxicity from use of certain antibiotics or meningitis 
D) Stimulation of the semicircular canals from dislodged utricle 
A) Decreased receptor input as a result of a trauma or virus 
B) Increased receptor sensitivity from a viral or vascular event 
C) Ototoxicity from use of certain antibiotics or meningitis 
D) Stimulation of the semicircular canals from dislodged utricle

Question 13

The therapist has the patient move the head horizontally while maintaining focus on a stable target.What is the purpose of this intervention?

Accepted Answer

A) To improve gaze stability with head motion 
B) To develop balance strategies with head motion 
C) To facilitate habituation to horizontal head motion 
D) To increase visual acuity during head motion 
A) To improve gaze stability with head motion 
B) To develop balance strategies with head motion 
C) To facilitate habituation to horizontal head motion 
D) To increase visual acuity during head motion

Question 14

Once deflection of the cupula has stopped,the neurons continue to fire for up to 10 seconds in a normal vestibular system.What is this called and what purpose does it serve?

Accepted Answer

A) The velocity storage system is thought to assist the brain in detecting low-frequency head movement. 
B) The velocity storage system is thought to allow the system to make continuous adjustments. 
C) The inhibitory cutoff mechanism is thought to assist the brain in determining the velocity of the movement. 
D) The inhibitory cutoff mechanism is thought to prohibit excessive facilitation of the neurons during movement. 
A) The velocity storage system is thought to assist the brain in detecting low-frequency head movement. 
B) The velocity storage system is thought to allow the system to make continuous adjustments. 
C) The inhibitory cutoff mechanism is thought to assist the brain in determining the velocity of the movement. 
D) The inhibitory cutoff mechanism is thought to prohibit excessive facilitation of the neurons during movement.

Question 15

How are the semicircular canals stimulated to depolarize?

Accepted Answer

A) The stereocilia are deflected toward the kinocilia in the crista ampullaris. 
B) The stereocilia are deflected away from the kinocilia in the crista ampullaris. 
C) The endolymph moves the kinocilia back and forth within the ampulla. 
D) The endolymph prevents movement of the kinocilia within the ampulla. 
A) The stereocilia are deflected toward the kinocilia in the crista ampullaris. 
B) The stereocilia are deflected away from the kinocilia in the crista ampullaris. 
C) The endolymph moves the kinocilia back and forth within the ampulla. 
D) The endolymph prevents movement of the kinocilia within the ampulla.

Question 16

What is dysequilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A) The sensation that the environment is moving 
B) The sensation that one is about to faint 
C) The sensation that objects are moving 
D) The sensation of being off balance 
A) The sensation that the environment is moving 
B) The sensation that one is about to faint 
C) The sensation that objects are moving 
D) The sensation of being off balance

Question 17

During turning of the head toward the left,the left horizontal semicircular canals will increase firing and the right will decrease firing.What is this mechanisms called?

Accepted Answer

A) Forward-back mechanism 
B) Opposition mechanism 
C) Push-pull mechanism 
D) Unequaled mechanism 
A) Forward-back mechanism 
B) Opposition mechanism 
C) Push-pull mechanism 
D) Unequaled mechanism

Question 18

What is oscillopsia?

Accepted Answer

A) The sensation that the environment is moving 
B) The sensation that one is about to faint 
C) The sensation that objects are moving 
D) The sensation of being off balance 
A) The sensation that the environment is moving 
B) The sensation that one is about to faint 
C) The sensation that objects are moving 
D) The sensation of being off balance

Question 19

The patient was given Brandt-Daroff exercises for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.After the first day,the patient reports increased dysequilibrium and nausea for about 45 minutes after completion of the exercises.What should the therapist tell the patient?

Accepted Answer

A) Stop performing all the exercises until further examination. 
B) Decrease the repetitions so there is no facilitation of symptoms. 
C) Perform the exercises more slowly,but more often each day. 
D) Increased symptoms after the exercises is normal and to continue. 
A) Stop performing all the exercises until further examination. 
B) Decrease the repetitions so there is no facilitation of symptoms. 
C) Perform the exercises more slowly,but more often each day. 
D) Increased symptoms after the exercises is normal and to continue.

Question 20

What is a cause of unilateral vestibular hypofunction?

Accepted Answer

A) Decreased receptor input as a result of a trauma or virus 
B) Increased receptor sensitivity from a viral or vascular event 
C) Ototoxicity from use of certain antibiotics or meningitis 
D) Stimulation of the semicircular canals from dislodged utricle 
A) Decreased receptor input as a result of a trauma or virus 
B) Increased receptor sensitivity from a viral or vascular event 
C) Ototoxicity from use of certain antibiotics or meningitis 
D) Stimulation of the semicircular canals from dislodged utricle

Exam 24: Vestibular Disorders

What would indicate a normal functioning vestibular system with head-shaking induced nystagmus test?

What might the interventions for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo do to improve the patient's symptoms?

Why is a high tonic firing rate important for the functioning of the vestibular system?

Which of the following would be an appropriate intervention for a patient with bilateral vestibular hypofunction?

What is a cause of bilateral vestibular hypofunction?

Which of the following symptoms should alert the therapist that the patient might have a central versus a peripheral vestibular pathology?

Which of the following movements would stimulate the otolith organs?

How does angular rotation of the head stimulate the semicircular canals?

What is a characteristic presentation of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo?

What does a corrective saccade of the eyes indicate during a head thrust test?

Dizziness is the most common reason for seeing a physician for which age group?

What is the cause of the most common type of vertigo,benign paroxysmal positional vertigo?

The therapist has the patient move the head horizontally while maintaining focus on a stable target.What is the purpose of this intervention?

Once deflection of the cupula has stopped,the neurons continue to fire for up to 10 seconds in a normal vestibular system.What is this called and what purpose does it serve?

How are the semicircular canals stimulated to depolarize?

What is dysequilibrium?

During turning of the head toward the left,the left horizontal semicircular canals will increase firing and the right will decrease firing.What is this mechanisms called?

What is oscillopsia?

The patient was given Brandt-Daroff exercises for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.After the first day,the patient reports increased dysequilibrium and nausea for about 45 minutes after completion of the exercises.What should the therapist tell the patient?

What is a cause of unilateral vestibular hypofunction?

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Influence of Values on Patient Care: Foundation for Decision Making

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Examination of the Environment

Strategies to Improve Motor Function

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