Question 1

With reference to the three-component model of creativity, which of the following components turns creative potential into actual creative ideas?

Accepted Answer

A)  expertise 
B)  creative thinking skills 
C)  intrinsic task motivation 
D)  intuition 
E)  emotional intelligence

Question 2

With reference to decision making, satisficing involves ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  identifying all possible alternative decisions 
B)  seeking solutions that are satisfactory and sufficient 
C)  evaluating all possible alternatives objectively 
D)  selecting the best option with the highest utility 
E)  using an unconscious decision-making process created from distilled experience

Question 3

You are the manager of a development group in a large computer software company. You have decided that it is important for your group to understand the many ways that ethical decisions can be made and you are designing a training program on the subject of ethics.
-If you wish to emphasize the importance of making decisions consistent with fundamental liberties and privileges, the focus of your teaching will be on ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  utilitarianism 
B)  justice 
C)  rights 
D)  privilege 
E)  service

Question 4

You are part of a group, making a decision about whether it is appropriate to discontinue research on a new drug. This new drug would save lives, but it is uncertain whether you can develop it within a reasonable time frame and at a reasonable cost. Your firm has already spent a small fortune on this drug. You have gathered so much information in preparation to making the decision that you are unable to sort the good information from the superfluous data. You just feel that this project has merit.
-What form of decision making are you using if you decide to continue the project because you feel that the project has merit?

Accepted Answer

A)  optimization 
B)  intuitive 
C)  rational 
D)  satisficing 
E)  bounded rationality

Question 5

According to the attribution theory, if a behavior scores ________, we tend to attribute it to external causes.

Accepted Answer

A)  low on distinctiveness 
B)  high on adaptability 
C)  low on consistency 
D)  high on stability 
E)  low on consensus

Question 6

A focus on utilitarianism promotes the rights of minorities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Because it is impossible for us to assimilate everything we see, we engage in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  selective perception 
B)  cognitive dissonance 
C)  self-serving bias 
D)  emotional labor 
E)  fundamental attribution error

Question 8

Janice is late for work each day by about ten minutes. How would the attribution theory describe this behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  It shows consensus. 
B)  It shows similarity. 
C)  It shows reliability. 
D)  It shows consistency. 
E)  It shows distinctiveness.

Question 9

Which of the following terms best describes the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others?

Accepted Answer

A)  fundamental attribution error 
B)  halo effect 
C)  selective perception 
D)  overconfidence 
E)  randomness error

Question 10

Meg has exceeded her budget by at least $200 every month for the last three months. After recognizing that this is a problem, she decides to use the rational decision-making model to decide what to do. What should be the next step she should take, if she follows this model?

Accepted Answer

A)  determine what criteria she needs to take into account when making her decision 
B)  choose a method to cut her expenses 
C)  implement some other method of budgeting 
D)  come up with different ways that would either reduce her expenses or increase her income 
E)  evaluate different ways that she could use to either reduce her expenses or increase her income

Question 11

In the attribution theory, "distinctiveness" refers to whether an individual displays different behaviors in different situations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

People who carefully gather and consider information consistent with the rational decision-making model are more likely to engage in which of the following decision-making errors?

Accepted Answer

A)  escalation of commitment 
B)  randomness error 
C)  availability bias 
D)  performance evaluation 
E)  reward systems

Question 13

Your boss never gives you the benefit of the doubt. When you arrived late from lunch, he assumed that you had simply taken too much time. He never considered that the elevators were not working that day and the fact that you had to walk up 10 flights of stairs. Your boss is guilty of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a self-serving bias 
B)  selective perception 
C)  the fundamental attribution error 
D)  inconsistency 
E)  stereotyping

Question 14

What is escalation of commitment?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is escalation of commitment?...

Question 15

The first ethical yardstick is utilitarianism, in which decisions are made solely on the basis of their outcomes, ideally to provide the greatest good for the greatest number.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true regarding the hindsight bias?

Accepted Answer

A)  It indicates a tendency to fixate on initial information and fail to adequately adjust for subsequent information. 
B)  It indicates that we seek out information that reaffirms our past choices, and we discount information that contradicts them. 
C)  It indicates our tendency to base judgments on information readily available. 
D)  It indicates our tendency to believe falsely, after the outcome is known, that we would have accurately predicted it. 
E)  It indicates our tendency to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic, such as intelligence.

Question 17

Loud people are more likely to be noticed in a group than quiet ones. So, too, are extremely attractive or unattractive individuals. Which of the following statements best explains the reason behind this fact?

Accepted Answer

A)  Our perception of reality depends on our past experiences. 
B)  Our perception of reality depends on our personality. 
C)  The relationship of a target to its background influences our perception of the target. 
D)  The time at which we see an object can influence our perception of the object. 
E)  Our motives and expectations affect our perception of a target.

Question 18

If a person responds the same way over time, the attribution theory states that the behavior shows ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  distinctiveness 
B)  consensus 
C)  consistency 
D)  continuity 
E)  stability

Question 19

Explain the three components of creativity. Name two biases and examples of how they would affect creativity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the three components of creativity. Name...

Question 20

Contrast the fundamental attribution error and the self-serving bias.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Contrast the fundamental attribution error and the...

Exam 6: Perception and Individual Decision Making

With reference to the three-component model of creativity, which of the following components turns creative potential into actual creative ideas?

With reference to decision making, satisficing involves ________.

According to the attribution theory, if a behavior scores ________, we tend to attribute it to external causes.

A focus on utilitarianism promotes the rights of minorities.

Because it is impossible for us to assimilate everything we see, we engage in ________.

Janice is late for work each day by about ten minutes. How would the attribution theory describe this behavior?

Which of the following terms best describes the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others?

Meg has exceeded her budget by at least $200 every month for the last three months. After recognizing that this is a problem, she decides to use the rational decision-making model to decide what to do. What should be the next step she should take, if she follows this model?

In the attribution theory, "distinctiveness" refers to whether an individual displays different behaviors in different situations.

People who carefully gather and consider information consistent with the rational decision-making model are more likely to engage in which of the following decision-making errors?

Your boss never gives you the benefit of the doubt. When you arrived late from lunch, he assumed that you had simply taken too much time. He never considered that the elevators were not working that day and the fact that you had to walk up 10 flights of stairs. Your boss is guilty of ________.

What is escalation of commitment?

The first ethical yardstick is utilitarianism, in which decisions are made solely on the basis of their outcomes, ideally to provide the greatest good for the greatest number.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the hindsight bias?

Loud people are more likely to be noticed in a group than quiet ones. So, too, are extremely attractive or unattractive individuals. Which of the following statements best explains the reason behind this fact?

If a person responds the same way over time, the attribution theory states that the behavior shows ________.

Explain the three components of creativity. Name two biases and examples of how they would affect creativity.

Contrast the fundamental attribution error and the self-serving bias.