Question 1

A) Describe the representativeness heuristic.
B) Explain the relationship between it and base rates.
C) Give a real-life example of the representativeness heuristic.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A) Describe the representativeness heuristic.
B) Explain the...

Question 2

Last week,Alana saw a television show about a rare,but fatal,virus.Now,she has a runny nose and a fever and thinks she has contracted the virus.Alana's thinking is most likely based on

Accepted Answer

A)  the representativeness heuristic. 
B)  using framing. 
C)  the availability heuristic. 
D)  an algorithm.

Question 3

Monica is very good at algebra and chemistry.However,she is not very good at writing short stories.According to the triarchic theory of intelligence,Monica most likely has high ________ intelligence and low ________ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A)  logical; linguistic 
B)  analytical; linguistic 
C)  logical; creative 
D)  analytical; creative

Question 4

Juan believes that robins are a good example of a "bird." Sergei believes that penguins are a good example of a "bird." Juan and Sergei are both correct according to the ________ model of organizing concepts.

Accepted Answer

A)  schema 
B)  stereotype 
C)  exemplar 
D)  prototype

Question 5

A) Describe the difference between fluid and crystallized intelligence.
B) Provide an example of each.
C) What is the relationship between these two types of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A) Describe the difference between fluid and...

Question 6

Because she heard that her blind date was an accounting major,Cynthia imagined that he would be conservative,humorless,and dull.Cynthia's generalization of what an accounting student is like is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  exemplar. 
B)  stereotype. 
C)  mental map. 
D)  analogical representation.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of stereotype threat?

Accepted Answer

A)  It causes distraction and anxiety. 
B)  It reduces the short-term memory capacity. 
C)  It undermines confidence and motivation. 
D)  It disorganizes information in long-term memory.

Question 8

Jane is taking the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales (WAIS).Afterward,Jane says that she liked creating stories from different pictures and re-creating patterns with blocks.It appears that Jane enjoyed the ________ scales of the test.

Accepted Answer

A)  performance 
B)  verbal 
C)  fluid 
D)  crystallized

Question 9

A) Describe the difference between analogical and symbolic representations.
B) Provide an example of an analogical and a symbolical representation (one example each).

Accepted Answer

The answer of A) Describe the difference between analogical and...

Question 10

Josh is having trouble deciding which of two pairs of shoes to buy.Donna tells him that when she could not decide which of two sweaters to buy,she decided to buy both sweaters.Josh realizes that buying both pairs of shoes will solve his problem as well.Josh ________ to solve his problem.

Accepted Answer

A)  worked backward 
B)  used insight 
C)  overcame a mental set 
D)  used an analogy

Question 11

Dr.Brown conducts research on how concepts are represented in people's minds.He believes that each category has one perfect representation of a concept.Based on this,Dr.Brown most likely follows the ________ model of organizing concepts.

Accepted Answer

A)  prototype 
B)  exemplar 
C)  concept 
D)  schema

Question 12

Marilyn is very skilled at crossword puzzles,in part because she has a lot of knowledge about crosswords that she acquired through experience.Her knowledge of crossword puzzle words reflects ________ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A)  fluid 
B)  crystallized 
C)  creative 
D)  spatial

Question 13

The type of reaction-time task that is most strongly related to intelligence test scores is the ________ reaction-time task.

Accepted Answer

A)  complex 
B)  simple 
C)  choice 
D)  basic

Question 14

A road map and a photograph have some of the physical characteristics of objects.Because of this,they are ________ of the external world around us.

Accepted Answer

A)  analogous representations 
B)  exemplars 
C)  symbolic representations 
D)  mental maps

Question 15

You are studying for your exam when the electricity goes out.In order to have enough light to read your textbook,you put your cell phone in front of the page and use the light from the screen to read the book.You are able to successfully study for your exam because you avoid

Accepted Answer

A)  restructuring the problem. 
B)  functional fixedness. 
C)  working backward. 
D)  using analogies.

Question 16

You read a description about a woman named Tyra,who happens to be extremely beautiful and almost six feet tall.You are asked to predict whether Tyra is a model or a science teacher.To do this,you think of your prototypes of a model and a science teacher,and decide that Tyra is a model.Your reasoning may be faulty due to

Accepted Answer

A)  an algorithm. 
B)  framing. 
C)  the availability heuristic. 
D)  the representativeness heuristic.

Question 17

Sam always buys one specific brand of cell phones because she believes that brand is the most reliable.Sam is using ________ to decide what cell phone to buy,which may help her save time picking out her next cell phone.

Accepted Answer

A)  restructuring 
B)  formal reasoning 
C)  an algorithm 
D)  a heuristic

Question 18

Before taking her calculus final,Heather reads a story about how men and women have equal abilities in math.As a result,Heather is ________ likely to do well on her exam because of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  more; positive role models 
B)  more; reduced stereotype threat 
C)  less; positive role models 
D)  less; reduced stereotype threat

Question 19

When Dave started driving,he had to use a navigation system to get around his city.Over time,Dave could drive through his city without the navigation system because he knew the names of all the roads and had a visual image in his mind of where they are.Dave has most likely developed a ________ of his city.

Accepted Answer

A)  categorical representation 
B)  mental map 
C)  symbolic representation 
D)  series of individual prototypes

Question 20

Jethro believes that all elderly people have difficulty hearing and understanding.Whenever he interacts with an elderly person,Jethro automatically speaks loudly and slowly.Jethro is applying his ________ of the elderly in these interactions.

Accepted Answer

A)  algorithm 
B)  prototype 
C)  stereotype 
D)  exemplar

Exam 8: Thinking and Intelligence

A) Describe the representativeness heuristic. B) Explain the relationship between it and base rates. C) Give a real-life example of the representativeness heuristic.