Question 1

Because psychologists generally use college students as research participants,the research does NOT involve

Accepted Answer

A)  random sampling. 
B)  convenience sampling. 
C)  confounds. 
D)  random assignment.

Question 2

Gestalt psychology was developed based on the idea that a person's experiences are more than just the collection of various parts or elements of consciousness.This idea is in direct contrast with the ________ approach.

Accepted Answer

A)  functionalist 
B)  psychoanalytic 
C)  cognitive psychology 
D)  structuralist

Question 3

Introductory psychology textbooks never leave out the name Wilhelm Wundt.Describe who Wundt was and explain why his accomplishments were important to the discipline of psychology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Introductory psychology textbooks never leave out the...

Question 4

In psychology,the cultural level of analysis emphasizes the study of

Accepted Answer

A)  genes and behavior. 
B)  norms and values. 
C)  perception and self-concept. 
D)  individual differences.

Question 5

Janice wants to use a descriptive research method to study the behavior of children following the birth of a new brother or sister.She could use any of the following EXCEPT a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  case study. 
B)  observational study. 
C)  experiment. 
D)  survey.

Question 6

In correlational studies,there is ambiguity as to which variable is the cause and which is the effect.This phenomenon is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  the third variable problem. 
B)  random error. 
C)  selection bias. 
D)  the directionality problem.

Question 7

"Friendly skepticism" means

Accepted Answer

A)  finding flaws in an argument or claim. 
B)  being open to new ideas, while also being careful before accepting them. 
C)  asking a scientist to make his or her findings public so that they can be better evaluated. 
D)  accepting all claims, as long as they are based on the scientific method.

Question 8

The type of psychologists who study,assess,and treat individuals with psychological disorders are called ________ psychologists.

Accepted Answer

A)  school 
B)  personality 
C)  clinical 
D)  cognitive

Question 9

Psychoanalysis is a type of psychological treatment to resolve unconscious conflicts that cause mental disorders.This treatment was developed by

Accepted Answer

A)  Wilhelm Wundt. 
B)  Sigmund Freud. 
C)  William James. 
D)  Edward Titchener.

Question 10

Because Lucy becomes aware that all of the adults are watching her as she plays,she starts to act silly and make funny noises.Her behavior is called

Accepted Answer

A)  the directionality problem. 
B)  causality. 
C)  random sampling. 
D)  reactivity.

Question 11

Describe the key ideas of the psychoanalytic approach.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the key ideas of the psychoanalytic...

Question 12

An early school of psychology used introspection to study the basic elements of mental experiences.This school of psychology was called

Accepted Answer

A)  functionalism. 
B)  behaviorism. 
C)  cognitivism. 
D)  structuralism.

Question 13

A psychologist wants to create two groups that are as similar as possible at the beginning of an experiment.To do this,he or she should use

Accepted Answer

A)  random sampling. 
B)  random assignment. 
C)  self-report methods. 
D)  participant observation.

Question 14

You are confident that your new roommate is a critical thinker after noticing the following bumper sticker on his car:

Accepted Answer

A)  "Show me the evidence!" 
B)  "The only truth is no truth." 
C)  "Trust your gut!" 
D)  "What is the meaning of life?"

Question 15

Danielle is using self-report surveys to determine how many people in her neighborhood experienced depression during childhood.What might be some advantages and disadvantages to her using surveys for this study?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Danielle is using self-report surveys to determine...

Question 16

In the scientific method,a set of interconnected ideas or concepts is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  theory. 
B)  hypothesis. 
C)  experiment. 
D)  descriptive method.

Question 17

The variable that a researcher measures in an experiment is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  independent variable. 
B)  dependent variable. 
C)  experimental group. 
D)  control group.

Question 18

Jeremy is studying for his final exam.Lauren has taken psychology and gives him a good tip about the best way to study.She correctly says,

Accepted Answer

A)  "Be sure to cram in your studying during the night before the final exam." 
B)  "As you study, connect the information to something personal." 
C)  "Memorize bold terms by writing and rewriting the definitions." 
D)  "Study in the morning right before the exam deadline, because stress improves learning."

Question 19

Many studies use random assignment when placing research participants into the conditions of an experiment.First,describe random assignment.Then,explain why it is important for an experimenter to use random assignment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many studies use random assignment when placing...

Question 20

Jane Goodall systematically watched and recorded the behavior of chimpanzees in their natural environment.She was conducting

Accepted Answer

A)  observational studies. 
B)  case studies. 
C)  experiments. 
D)  correlations.

Exam 1: Introducing the World of Psychology