Question 1

Tamara studies modern societies,which are defined by most researchers as capitalistic.She would probably assert that these capitalistic societies share all the following traits EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  private ownership of the means of production
B)  highly centralized government decision making for most economic issues
C)  profit as incentive
D)  free competition for markets to sell goods, acquire cheap materials, and utilize cheap labor
E)  expansion and investment to increase capital B

Question 2

Frederick works in a university studying the extent to which individuals depend on others to produce many or most of the goods they need to sustain their lives.He is struck by the fact that many people could not survive in the modern world because they simply do not have the knowledge to carry out certain basic tasks such as growing food.The process that Frederick studies is known to sociologists as:

Accepted Answer

A)  class conflict
B)  scarcity society
C)  economic interdependence
D)  informal economy
E)  alienation C

Question 3

Sybil lives in a country where she cannot always participate as fully as others.For example,only men can run for election to the local government council.So Sybil actively protests this restriction.What kind of right is Sybil fighting for?

Accepted Answer

A)  a civil right
B)  a political right
C)  a social right
D)  a cultural right
E)  an economic right B

Question 4

Laura is a researcher who studies technological and economic change.Her work shows clearly how the nature of the work we do is being changed by forces of global economic competition.What term do sociologists use to describe the process she studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  materialism
B)  communism
C)  capitalism
D)  globalization
E)  occupation

Question 5

Compare and contrast pluralist theories of modern democracy and the power elite model.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast pluralist theories of modern...

Question 6

Countries in which voters can choose between two or more political parties and the majority of the adult population has the right to vote are usually called:

Accepted Answer

A)  absolute monarchies
B)  participatory democracies
C)  liberal democracies
D)  communist democracies
E)  socialist states

Question 7

What author's most famous work,The Wealth of Nations,opens with a description of the division of labor in a pin factory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Karl Marx
B)  Max Weber
C)  Frederick Winslow Taylor
D)  Adam Smith
E)  Henry Ford

Question 8

According to the text,what are three types of rights associated with the growth of citizenship?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text,what are three types...

Question 9

Eugenia has worked in the same company for fifteen years repairing ice makers.She drives from town to town in a few counties in California and sees to the maintenance of the machines that her company has in different supermarkets,convenience stores,and gas stations.Although her company manufactures other machines,she only repairs the ice makers that they make.What term would sociologists use to describe the specialization of Eugenia's work tasks?

Accepted Answer

A)  globalization
B)  specific specialization
C)  informal economy
D)  economic independence
E)  division of labor

Question 10

All of the following terms are more or less synonymous to sociologists EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  the postindustrial society
B)  the information age
C)  the Neolithic age
D)  the "new" economy
E)  the knowledge economy

Question 11

Shirley has worked for more than twenty years in a factory where automated machines recently took over some of the more onerous work that she had been required to perform.As a result,her job has become a bit less repetitive and easier to carry out,and she feels less alienated.What author's conclusions about automation would most likely be supported by Shirley's experience?

Accepted Answer

A)  Robert Blauner
B)  Harry Braverman
C)  Richard Sennett
D)  Max Weber
E)  Karl Marx

Question 12

What term do sociologists use to describe the use of science and machinery to achieve greater productive efficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  mathematics
B)  power
C)  authority
D)  technology
E)  work

Question 13

Miles has been working on an assembly line in a car manufacturing factory in the United States for the last thirty years.Which of the following trends is he most likely to have witnessed?

Accepted Answer

A)  An increasing amount of the parts assembled at the plant are made in the United States.
B)  The factory has increased its production in the plant, which has required management to hire more blue-collar workers.
C)  Many of the activities that were formerly carried out in the plant have been outsourced to other countries.
D)  The new workers who are hired in the plant are less skilled than when he began.
E)  Strikes by workers are more common now in the factory than before.

Question 14

According to the text,all of the following factors help to explain why levels of unemployment increased in Western societies in the 1970s and the 1980s EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  the rise of international competition in industries on which Western prosperity used to be founded
B)  the worldwide economic recession of the 1980s, which has still not fully abated
C)  the increasing use of microelectronics in industry
D)  the widening income gap between blue-collar and white-collar workers
E)  increasing numbers of women in the labor force

Question 15

When was the welfare state firmly established in most Western societies?

Accepted Answer

A)  in the seventeenth century
B)  in the eighteenth century
C)  in the nineteenth century
D)  in the twentieth century
E)  in the twenty-first century

Question 16

What do Edna Bonacich and Richard Appelbaum mean when they write about a global "race to the bottom" in the retail-dominated production of clothing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clothing retailers and manufacturers race to get out new products before anyone else and thus foment innovation and increasing quality in the sector.
B)  Retailers and manufacturers will go anywhere on earth to pay the lowest possible wages, which results in dismal wages for workers-who are often mere children.
C)  As the manufacture of clothing for large retailers was increasingly centered around areas of the Southern Hemisphere, competition for workers gradually brought wages up in these parts of the world.
D)  A manufacturing race has been on for more than twenty years, and it pits large northern retailers against southern manufacturers.
E)  The racial composition of workers in the manufacture and retailing of clothing has changed dramatically by including more people of color.

Question 17

In 1908,who designed his first auto plant at Highland Park,Michigan,to manufacture only one product,thereby allowing the introduction of specialized tools and machinery designed for speed,precision,and simplicity of operation?

Accepted Answer

A)  John Pierpont Morgan
B)  Lido Anthony "Lee" Iacocca
C)  Henry Ford
D)  John Davison Rockefeller
E)  Louis Chevrolet

Question 18

According to the text,which of the following statements best describes old-style terrorism?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is global in scope.
B)  It functions through autonomous local cells.
C)  Its proponents carry out acts designed to kill as many people as possible.
D)  It seeks to restructure world society.
E)  Its point is to establish states in areas where nations do not have control of the territory's state apparatus.

Question 19

Molly is a Keynesian economist,which means that she subscribes to the ideas of John Maynard Keynes.She recently began working as an economic advisor to the president.Just when she started her new job,the country spiraled into economic recession.What would Molly probably recommend her boss do to fight the recession?

Accepted Answer

A)  cut subsidies to agricultural businesses to encourage cheap imports
B)  invest in public infrastructure to create jobs
C)  slash welfare programs for the poor
D)  reduce government unemployment benefits
E)  lower the voting age

Question 20

Morgan was elected to her state legislature in a close election three and a half years ago.She is a Republican.In the upcoming election,she will be running for the same office against a male candidate from the Democratic Party.Morgan's district is currently experiencing an economic boom with lower than normal unemployment.According to the text,which of the following statements is most likely to be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Morgan will lose the election.
B)  Morgan will raise more money than her opponent.
C)  Morgan's opponent will concentrate his campaign ads on the economy.
D)  Morgan's opponent will try to focus voters' attention on the fact that she is a woman.
E)  Morgan will change political parties.

Exam 13: Politics and Economic Life