Question 1

Prosocial behavior is to ____ as altruism is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A) selflessness; pure motive 
B) rewards; good mood 
C) rewards; selflessness 
D) feeling good; avoiding feeling bad

Question 2

Joseph was on the subway when he noticed a man lying slumped over on the seat.Joseph looked around at the other passengers,who seemed calm and unconcerned.Joseph concluded that the man was probably okay.However,the other passengers may have been looking around at Joseph,to see how he reacted.This would be an example of

Accepted Answer

A) social reciprocity. 
B) pluralistic ignorance. 
C) false uniqueness. 
D) conformity.

Question 3

According to research by Levine,Norenzayan,and Philbrick presented by the authors of your text,in which of the following cities would you be the most likely to be helped if you needed help crossing a busy street?

Accepted Answer

A) New York City,USA 
B) Taipei,Taiwan 
C) Rio de Janeiro,Brazil 
D) Cairo,Egypt

Question 4

Every morning at the bus stop,Carlos encounters an old woman begging for change.She is clearly hungry and alone.Because Carlos feels very bad for this woman and can "feel her pain," he makes a point of giving her some change each morning that he sees her.Which theoretical approach best explains Carlos's behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) social-exchange theory 
B) kin selection 
C) empathy-altruism hypothesis 
D) norm of reciprocity

Question 5

Sarah is excellent at the backstroke,and she is preparing for an important swimming competition.She has just been asked to help somebody improve on the backstroke.Based on the tenets of self-esteem maintenance theory (Tesser,1991),she will be most likely to help

Accepted Answer

A) Sally,her best friend. 
B) Amanda,her twin. 
C) Katherine,a new team member. 
D) Annie,who beat her last year in this same competition.

Question 6

According to Bibb Latané and John Darley (1970),a number of things must occur before witnesses decide to intervene in an emergency situation.According to this stage model,diffusion of responsibility is most likely to affect witnesses'

Accepted Answer

A) attention to their surroundings. 
B) interpretation of an event as an emergency. 
C) sense of obligation to intervene. 
D) assessments of the costs and benefits of intervening.

Question 7

One consequence of living by the Golden Rule,"Do unto others as you would have them do unto you," is that if you help those in need,they might return the favor someday.This idea is best represented by

Accepted Answer

A) the norm of obedience. 
B) the norm of reciprocity. 
C) informational social influence. 
D) normative social influence.

Question 8

Some social psychologists have argued that social exchange forces operate in both exchange and communal relationships,but that in communal relationships,relationship partners focus on long-term rather than short- term rewards.Margaret Clark and Judson Mills (1993)have argued,however,that

Accepted Answer

A) people in communal relationships are simply concerned with the other person's well-being. 
B) equity operates in communal relationships,and equality in exchange relationship. 
C) relationship type is less important than specific situational pressures. 
D) empathic ability is more important than relationship type.

Question 9

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) When we feel empathy for another person,we will attempt to help the other person regardless of what we have to gain. 
B) The more bystanders present in an emergency situation,the more likely a victim is to receive help. 
C) People are always more helpful to friends than to strangers. 
D) Giving a large reward to people for performing a prosocial behavior will increase intrinsic interest in acting prosocially.

Question 10

Based on info about the urban overload hypothesis,where would you be more likely to receive help finding a lost child?

Accepted Answer

A) major city 
B) a moderately sized city 
C) any sized city during the day 
D) rural or small towns

Question 11

There is a stereotype that individuals who are described as religious will be more likely to help than others.However,the research demonstrates that this is not universally true.Describe the research findings.

Accepted Answer

The answer of There is a stereotype that individuals who...

Question 12

Based on information presented by the authors of your text,complete the analogy about gender differences in helping behaviors: men: ____:: women: ____.

Accepted Answer

A) chivalry; long-term nurturing 
B) volunteering; long-term nurturing 
C) long-term nurturing; chivalry 
D) volunteering; chivalry

Question 13

Paul Amato (1983)staged an incident in which a man fell in pain and raised his pant leg to reveal an injury.The staged scene was repeated in rural and urban areas.Of the total number of people who passed the scene,about how many of those in rural areas stopped to help?

Accepted Answer

A) 5 percent 
B) 10 percent 
C) 50 percent 
D) 100 percent

Question 14

Which of the following is not one of the three reasons why being in a good mood would make someone more likely to help another person?

Accepted Answer

A) Good moods help us look on the bright side of life. 
B) Being in a good mood increases empathy. 
C) Helping others can prolong a good mood. 
D) Good moods increase self-attention.

Question 15

Although George wants to help a stranded motorist he passed on the freeway,he passes by because he knows it would take too much time out of his busy schedule.What theory offers the best explanation as to why George did not help?

Accepted Answer

A) evolutionary 
B) negative-state relief 
C) empathy-altruism 
D) social exchange

Question 16

According to research on the effects of mood on helping,good moods are likely to ____ the odds that we will spontaneously help another,and bad moods are likely to ____ the odds that we will spontaneously help.

Accepted Answer

A) increase; decrease 
B) decrease; increase 
C) decrease; decrease 
D) increase; increase

Question 17

The "feel good,do good" effect in studies of prosocial behavior refers to the idea that

Accepted Answer

A) helping puts people in a good mood. 
B) people in a good mood are more likely to help. 
C) in adults,helping is self-reinforcing. 
D) helping in emergencies relieves distress.

Question 18

According to Stanley Milgram's (1970) ____ hypothesis,compared to rural dwellers,people in large cities are bombarded with stimulation and work to reduce it by keeping to themselves.

Accepted Answer

A) stimulus overload 
B) diffusion of responsibility 
C) evaluation apprehension 
D) urban overload

Question 19

____ theory would be most likely to mention such factors as social approval and increased self-worth as motivations for prosocial behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) Evolutionary 
B) Social exchange 
C) Norm activation 
D) Empathy-altruism

Question 20

Which of following is not true of prosocial behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) Measures of altruistic personality provide the best predictor of helping across situations. 
B) Men are more likely to perform chivalrous heroic acts of prosocial behavior while women are more likely to be helpful in long-term relationships that involve greater commitment . 
C) People are more likely to help others when they are in a good mood (relative to a neutral mood).d People are more likely to help others when they are in a bad mood (relative to a neutral mood).

Exam 11: Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Prosocial behavior is to as altruism is to .

According to research by Levine,Norenzayan,and Philbrick presented by the authors of your text,in which of the following cities would you be the most likely to be helped if you needed help crossing a busy street?

Sarah is excellent at the backstroke,and she is preparing for an important swimming competition.She has just been asked to help somebody improve on the backstroke.Based on the tenets of self-esteem maintenance theory (Tesser,1991) ,she will be most likely to help

According to Bibb Latané and John Darley (1970) ,a number of things must occur before witnesses decide to intervene in an emergency situation.According to this stage model,diffusion of responsibility is most likely to affect witnesses'