Question 1

According to Margaret Clark and Judson Mills (1993),helping in exchange relationships is based on ____, whereas helping in communal relationships is based on ____.

Accepted Answer

A) reciprocity; need 
B) friendship; kinship 
C) empathy; equity 
D) negative states; positive states

Question 2

James has just received notice that he's been admitted to the law school of his choice.As he walks along,he's in a good mood.He sees a worker fall off a ladder,and rushes over to assist.Why did James help in this case? Good moods

Accepted Answer

A) change our interpretations of social rewards and costs. 
B) make our ability to empathize unimportant. 
C) tend to focus our attention inward,on our attitudes and values. 
D) increase our tendency to process information systematically.

Question 3

When John Darley and Bibb Latané (1968)exposed participants to a faked seizure in one of three experimental conditions (participants were lone witnesses,one of three witnesses,or one of five witnesses),they found that

Accepted Answer

A) although participants who believed they were lone witnesses took longer to help,more of them did eventually help than in the other conditions. 
B) when lone participants thought the experimenter also overheard the seizure,they took longer to help. 
C) participants who thought they were lone witnesses helped more and helped faster. 
D) helping is not substantially reduced when the number of witnesses increases from two to five.

Question 4

Justin sees a blind person in need of help crossing a busy intersection.If Justin does not feel empathy for the blind person,under what circumstances (according to Batson's empathy-altruism hypothesis)would Justin help?

Accepted Answer

A) if he is running late for a meeting 
B) if the rewards would outweigh the costs 
C) if the costs are very high 
D) if Justin is angry

Question 5

Pluralistic ignorance is an example of the power of ____ to inhibit helping.

Accepted Answer

A) urban overload 
B) diffusion of responsibility 
C) negative-state relief effects 
D) informational social influence

Question 6

Some social psychologists,such as Daniel Batson (1991),believe that humans sometimes help for selfless reasons.According to Batson,when does this happen?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some social psychologists,such as Daniel Batson (1991),believe...

Question 7

A primary focus of the field of "positive psychology" is the study of

Accepted Answer

A) power and influence. 
B) certainty and overconfidence. 
C) strengths and virtues. 
D) moods and physiological arousal.

Question 8

People in non-Western interdependent cultures are more likely than Westerners to help in-group members,but less likely to help out-group members.These findings suggest that in non-Western cultures,the line between

Accepted Answer

A) altruism and prosocial behavior is unclear. 
B) altruism and prosocial behavior is seldom crossed. 
C) in groups and out groups is firmly drawn. 
D) in groups and out groups is unclear.

Question 9

According to research by Oishi (2006),people who lived in the same area for a longer period of time are more likely to feel all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) a greater sense of attachment to the community. 
B) embarrassment and dislike for "rough" areas of town. 
C) more interdependence with their neighbors. 
D) greater concern for their reputation in the community.

Question 10

Folk wisdom might lead us to believe that recipients of help would (or should)be appreciative of assistance.This is not always the case,however.You see a fellow student struggling to send an e-mail message,without success.He looks frustrated,and you want to help him out.What can you do to ensure that he will be a grateful recipient of your help?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Folk wisdom might lead us to believe...

Question 11

The phenomenon in which each bystander's sense of responsibility to help decreases as the number of witnesses increases best defines

Accepted Answer

A) diffusion of responsibility. 
B) pluralistic ignorance. 
C) failure to help. 
D) inadequate preparation.

Question 12

The bystander effect refers to the finding that

Accepted Answer

A) bystanders will be more likely to help when they feel they are competent to do so. 
B) the greater the number of bystanders,the less likely individuals are to help. 
C) people in crowds are distracted,so they don't interpret emergencies correctly. 
D) witnesses to an emergency are more likely to help victims similar to them.

Question 13

In which situation are you least likely to stop and think before helping out the other person?

Accepted Answer

A) A stranger asks you for a penny. 
B) Your sister asks for help with her homework. 
C) You witness a car accident. 
D) A former high school sweetheart asks to borrow money.

Question 14

Recall that participants in an experiment by Miho Toi and Daniel Batson (1982)listened to an (alleged)radio interview in which a student in their Introductory Psychology class described an accident that caused her to fall behind in the course.Some participants were told that Carol would soon be returning to their class.Why would Toi and Batson refer to this as a "high cost" condition?

Accepted Answer

A) Carol was still in a wheelchair,and it would be hard for her to get to class. 
B) Every time participants saw her,they would feel guilty if they didn't help her. 
C) Participants would have to go out of their way to copy their notes for Carol. 
D) Every time participants saw her,they would be able to empathize with her.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is most closely related to the empathy-altruism hypothesis (Batson,1991)?

Accepted Answer

A) "You scratch my back,and I'll scratch yours." 
B) "Before you accuse me,take a look at yourself." 
C) "Walk a mile in my shoes." 
D) "I'll gladly pay you Tuesday for a hamburger today."

Question 16

According to the gender differences presented by the authors of your text,relatively speaking, ____ would be more likely to help an aging relative with daily tasks than ____.

Accepted Answer

A) a man; a woman 
B) a woman; a man 
C) neither gender; the other 
D) Caucasian women; Asian men

Question 17

The authors of your text explain that there are three main motives for helping others.They are

Accepted Answer

A) evolutionary,kinship selection,and cognitive dissonance. 
B) evolutionary,cognitive dissonance,and empathy-altruism. 
C) evolutionary,empathy-altruism,and social exchange. 
D) empathy-altruism,social exchange,and cognitive dissonance.

Question 18

Recall that participants in an experiment by Miho Toi and Daniel Batson (1982)listened to an (alleged)radio interview in which a student in their Introductory Psychology class described an accident that caused her to fall behind in the course.Based on the empathy-altruism hypothesis,the researchers predicted that participants would be most likely to help Carol when

Accepted Answer

A) they were instructed to be objective while listening to the interview. 
B) they believed that they would see Carol back in class. 
C) they were instructed to try to imagine how Carol felt. 
D) Carol made a direct request for participants' help.

Question 19

Pluralistic ignorance results when ____ backfires.

Accepted Answer

A) social exchange concern 
B) normative influence 
C) urban overload 
D) informational influence

Question 20

In a study by Markey (2000)reported by the authors of your text,a participant in a chat group posed a question to the group asking for help.The results of this study showed that the participant was more likely to receive help faster when he or she

Accepted Answer

A) was a first-time visitor to the chat group. 
B) was the leader of the chat group. 
C) asked one specific person. 
D) posed the request to the group as a whole.

Exam 11: Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

According to Margaret Clark and Judson Mills (1993) ,helping in exchange relationships is based on , whereas helping in communal relationships is based on .

James has just received notice that he's been admitted to the law school of his choice.As he walks along,he's in a good mood.He sees a worker fall off a ladder,and rushes over to assist.Why did James help in this case? Good moods

When John Darley and Bibb Latané (1968) exposed participants to a faked seizure in one of three experimental conditions (participants were lone witnesses,one of three witnesses,or one of five witnesses) ,they found that

Justin sees a blind person in need of help crossing a busy intersection.If Justin does not feel empathy for the blind person,under what circumstances (according to Batson's empathy-altruism hypothesis) would Justin help?

Pluralistic ignorance is an example of the power of ____ to inhibit helping.

Some social psychologists,such as Daniel Batson (1991),believe that humans sometimes help for selfless reasons.According to Batson,when does this happen?

A primary focus of the field of "positive psychology" is the study of

People in non-Western interdependent cultures are more likely than Westerners to help in-group members,but less likely to help out-group members.These findings suggest that in non-Western cultures,the line between

According to research by Oishi (2006) ,people who lived in the same area for a longer period of time are more likely to feel all of the following except

The phenomenon in which each bystander's sense of responsibility to help decreases as the number of witnesses increases best defines

The bystander effect refers to the finding that

In which situation are you least likely to stop and think before helping out the other person?

Which of the following statements is most closely related to the empathy-altruism hypothesis (Batson,1991) ?

According to the gender differences presented by the authors of your text,relatively speaking, would be more likely to help an aging relative with daily tasks than .

The authors of your text explain that there are three main motives for helping others.They are

Pluralistic ignorance results when ____ backfires.

In a study by Markey (2000) reported by the authors of your text,a participant in a chat group posed a question to the group asking for help.The results of this study showed that the participant was more likely to receive help faster when he or she

Exam 11: Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

According to Margaret Clark and Judson Mills (1993) ,helping in exchange relationships is based on ____, whereas helping in communal relationships is based on ____.

James has just received notice that he's been admitted to the law school of his choice.As he walks along,he's in a good mood.He sees a worker fall off a ladder,and rushes over to assist.Why did James help in this case? Good moods

When John Darley and Bibb Latané (1968) exposed participants to a faked seizure in one of three experimental conditions (participants were lone witnesses,one of three witnesses,or one of five witnesses) ,they found that

Justin sees a blind person in need of help crossing a busy intersection.If Justin does not feel empathy for the blind person,under what circumstances (according to Batson's empathy-altruism hypothesis) would Justin help?

Pluralistic ignorance is an example of the power of ____ to inhibit helping.

Some social psychologists,such as Daniel Batson (1991),believe that humans sometimes help for selfless reasons.According to Batson,when does this happen?

A primary focus of the field of "positive psychology" is the study of

People in non-Western interdependent cultures are more likely than Westerners to help in-group members,but less likely to help out-group members.These findings suggest that in non-Western cultures,the line between

According to research by Oishi (2006) ,people who lived in the same area for a longer period of time are more likely to feel all of the following except

The phenomenon in which each bystander's sense of responsibility to help decreases as the number of witnesses increases best defines

The bystander effect refers to the finding that

In which situation are you least likely to stop and think before helping out the other person?

Which of the following statements is most closely related to the empathy-altruism hypothesis (Batson,1991) ?

According to the gender differences presented by the authors of your text,relatively speaking, ____ would be more likely to help an aging relative with daily tasks than ____.

The authors of your text explain that there are three main motives for helping others.They are

Pluralistic ignorance results when ____ backfires.

In a study by Markey (2000) reported by the authors of your text,a participant in a chat group posed a question to the group asking for help.The results of this study showed that the participant was more likely to receive help faster when he or she

According to Margaret Clark and Judson Mills (1993) ,helping in exchange relationships is based on , whereas helping in communal relationships is based on .

According to the gender differences presented by the authors of your text,relatively speaking, would be more likely to help an aging relative with daily tasks than .