Question 1

Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that

Accepted Answer

A)  sister chromatids separate during anaphase. 
B)  DNA replicates before the division. 
C)  the daughter cells are diploid. 
D)  homologous chromosomes synapse.

Question 2

A particular organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype. Which of the following statements is correct regarding this organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  It must be human. 
B)  It must be an animal. 
C)  It reproduces sexually. 
D)  It produces gametes with 23 chromosomes.

Question 3

If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis I will be

Accepted Answer

A)  0.25x. 
B)  0.5x. 
C)  x. 
D)  2x.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is correct in comparing sexual and asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Asexual reproduction, but not sexual reproduction, is characteristic of only plants and fungi. 
B)  In sexual reproduction, individuals transmit half of their nuclear genes to each of their offspring. 
C)  In asexual reproduction, offspring are produced by fertilisation without meiosis. 
D)  Asexual reproduction produces only haploid offspring.

Question 5

A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is

Accepted Answer

A)  a sperm. 
B)  an egg. 
C)  a zygote. 
D)  a somatic cell of a male.

Question 6

Which of the following statements defines a genome?

Accepted Answer

A)  The complete set of an organism's polypeptides. 
B)  The complete set of a species' polypeptides. 
C)  A karyotype. 
D)  The complete set of an organism's genes and other DNA sequences.

Question 7

Which of the following statements describes a major difference between mitosis and meiosis I in a diploid organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sister chromatids separate in mitosis, while homologous pairs of chromosomes separate in meiosis I. 
B)  Sister chromatids separate in mitosis, while homologous pairs of chromosomes separate in meiosis II. 
C)  DNA replication takes place prior to mitosis, but not before meiosis I. 
D)  Only meiosis I results in daughter cells that contain identical genetic information.

Question 8

In a life cycle such as that shown in part III of the figure above, if the zygote's chromosome number is ten, which of the following statements will be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sporophyte's chromosome number per cell is ten and the gametophyte's is five. 
B)  The sporophyte's chromosome number per cell is five and the gametophyte's is ten. 
C)  The sporophyte and gametophyte each have ten chromosomes per cell. 
D)  The sporophyte and gametophyte each have five chromosomes per cell.

Question 9

When chiasmata can first be seen in cells using a microscope, which of the following processes has most likely occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  meiosis II 
B)  anaphase II 
C)  prophase I 
D)  the separation of homologues

Question 10

DNA was isolated from three different cell types of the same organism, the relative DNA content for each type was determined, and the results were plotted on the graph shown in the figure below. 
-Which sample of DNA might be from a cell that stopped the process of cell division in G0 phase of the cell cycle prior to meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  either I or II

Question 11

Which of the following events happens at the conclusion of meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

A)  Homologous chromosomes of a pair are separated from each other. 
B)  The chromosome number per cell remains the same. 
C)  Sister chromatids are separated. 
D)  Four daughter cells are formed.

Question 12

During which of the following phases of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?

Accepted Answer

A)  anaphase II 
B)  prophase I 
C)  mitosis 
D)  anaphase I

Question 13

During which of the following processes do homologous pairs of chromosomes align adjacent to one another at the metaphase plate of a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  metaphase of mitosis 
B)  metaphase I of meiosis 
C)  telophase II of meiosis 
D)  metaphase II of meiosis

Question 14

How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that are in prophase of meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cells have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
B)  The cells have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
C)  The cells have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA. 
D)  The cells have half the amount of cytoplasm and twice the amount of DNA.

Question 15

Crossing over of chromosomes normally takes place during which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  meiosis II 
B)  meiosis I 
C)  mitosis 
D)  mitosis and meiosis II

Question 16

Quaking aspen trees can send out underground stems for asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction is not as common, but when it does happen, the haploid gametes have 19 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in the cells of the underground stems?

Accepted Answer

A)  9 
B)  10 
C)  19 
D)  38

Question 17

The bulldog ant has a diploid number of two chromosomes. Therefore, following meiosis, each daughter cell will have a single chromosome. In addition to mutations, how might genetic diversity be generated in this species?

Accepted Answer

A)  crossing over only 
B)  independent assortment only 
C)  crossing over and random fertilisation 
D)  nothing else

Question 18

For a species with a haploid number of 23 chromosomes, how many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes are possible for the gametes based on the independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  23 
B)  46 
C)  about 1,000 
D)  about 8 million

Question 19

Imagine that there are 25 different species of protists living in a rock pool. Some of these species reproduce both sexually and asexually, and some of them can reproduce only asexually. The pool gradually becomes infested with disease-causing viruses and bacteria. Which species are more likely to thrive in the changing environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sexually reproducing species is likely to thrive. 
B)  The asexually reproducing species is likely to thrive. 
C)  Sexually and asexually reproducing species are equally likely to thrive. 
D)  Neither species will be able to thrive.

Question 20

In eukaryotes, genetic information is passed to the next generation by processes that include mitosis or meiosis. Which of the following explanations correctly identifies the process and supports the claim that heritable information is passed from one generation to another?

Accepted Answer

A)  During mitosis, DNA replication occurs twice within the cell cycle to insure a full set of chromosomes within each of the daughter cells produced. 
B)  Mitosis, followed by cytokinesis, produces daughter cells that are genetically different from the parent cell, thus insuring variation within the population. 
C)  In asexual reproduction, a single individual is the sole parent and passes copies of its genes to its offspring without the fusion of gametes. 
D)  Single-celled organisms can fuse their cells, reproducing asexually through mitosis to form new cells that are not identical to the parent cell.

Exam 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles