Question 1

The key to the partial report method of Sperling's study of sensory memory was to

Accepted Answer

A) have the participants report the entire matrix of letters they saw as fast as they could. 
B) have the participants report the entire matrix of letters but mask the letters after presentation with a very bright light. 
C) cue the participants,using a tone,as to which line of the matrix they were to report. 
D) test the use of chunking.

Question 2

Shannon is trying to take notes in her animal behaviour class and is able to write down what the professor has just said due to her

Accepted Answer

A) short-term memory. 
B) iconic memory. 
C) eidetic memory. 
D) echoic memory.

Question 3

Roseanne claims that she can remember instances of childhood sexual abuse that started at six months of age.Why are most psychologists likely to be skeptical of this and other such claims?

Accepted Answer

A) Because repression inhibits the conscious recognition of traumatic events such as childhood sexual abuse 
B) Because decay leads to almost immediate forgetting of newly learned information 
C) Because infantile amnesia makes it unlikely that these are true memories from that age 
D) Because proponents of the realism of such claims are charging less to treat the victims of this abuse than those who are dubious of the claims

Question 4

Researchers have attempted to implant false memories in the memories of students.To be certain that the event never occurred,they asked students if they recall getting to meet Yosemite Sam (a Warner Brothers character)at Disneyland.When approximately 41 percent of the students reported this memory,the researchers knew it was indeed evidence of a false memory because

Accepted Answer

A) the memory occurred in the distant past. 
B) the memory was of a possible event. 
C) the memory occurred in the recent past. 
D) the memory was of an impossible event.

Question 5

Which of the following supports the conclusion that the nature of memory is reconstructive?

Accepted Answer

A) Field memory 
B) Echoic memory 
C) Iconic memory 
D) Observer memory

Question 6

Conclusions from the Snowden nun study suggested that

Accepted Answer

A) rates of dementia and Alzheimer's occur independent of lifestyle. 
B) biological factors contribute more strongly to memory loss with age than environment. 
C) living a solitary and isolated life helps to prevent neuronal degeneration. 
D) physical and mental activity may help to protect against memory loss.

Question 7

Which of these age groups has the strongest memory abilities?

Accepted Answer

A) Children 
B) Infants 
C) Young adults 
D) Older adults

Question 8

Dr.Vargas can remember hundreds of students' names from his twenty-five years of university teaching but has difficulty remembering the new three-digit area code for his home phone number.This is one illustration of

Accepted Answer

A) meta-memory. 
B) iconic memory. 
C) the paradox of memory. 
D) false memories.

Question 9

When listening to the radio,Ramona hears a song;she cannot immediately recall the band's name,but she is sure she knows the name.This is one example of

Accepted Answer

A) encoding failure. 
B) priming. 
C) the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon. 
D) interference.

Question 10

You tell a joke to a friend,and you believe you made up that joke.He tells you he told you that joke a week ago.You have experienced what memory phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A) The misinformation effect 
B) Cryptomnesia 
C) Retrograde amnesia 
D) Repressed memory

Question 11

Research on learning and memory in infants using a novel conditioning paradigm involving infant kicking and reinforcement (a moving mobile)demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

A) infants have a very limited memory span. 
B) infants have a limited memory span for episodic events but not for experiences relevant to their survival (i.e. ,where to find food). 
C) infants have an unlimited memory span but lack the cues to retrieve the information. 
D) infants' memory span increases rapidly as they age and their memories are highly specific to their experiences.

Question 12

Personal facts and memories of one's personal history are parts of

Accepted Answer

A) episodic memory. 
B) procedural memories. 
C) declarative memories. 
D) semantic memory.

Question 13

Empirical studies on short-term memory have demonstrated that its capacity is __________ and its duration is __________.

Accepted Answer

A) unlimited;about 20 seconds 
B) large;up to 30 minutes 
C) limited;about 10-15 seconds 
D) large;the length of an average day

Question 14

What biological change in development offers an explanation for the existence of infantile amnesia?

Accepted Answer

A) An excess of neuronal synapses at birth delays memory encoding 
B) The hippocampus is only partially developed in infancy 
C) Cortical areas involved in memory storage are understimulated by the environment 
D) Neurotransmitters such as glutamate,AMPA,and NMDA are in limited supply until around three years of age.

Question 15

A long-lasting weakening of connections between two neurons after low patterns of activation is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) long-term potentiation. 
B) synaptic pruning. 
C) long-term depression. 
D) retrospective bias.

Question 16

Joan remembers nearly everything that she has ever experienced.If you provide Joan a date ,she can tell you what she did on that day with surprising accuracy.In fact,she has a memory that is too good.According to your textbook,Joan likely has

Accepted Answer

A) an exceptional memory. 
B) hyperthymestic syndrome. 
C) age regression memory abilities. 
D) infantile autism.

Question 17

Someone asks you to name the only female prime minister of Canada,but you can't remember.To aid your memory,the person then tells you that the prime minister's name is the same as that of a popular brand of canned soups.Upon hearing the hint,you instantly realize that Kim Campbell is the answer.In this situation,the hint acted as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) elaborative rehearsal cue. 
B) cross code. 
C) structural cue. 
D) retrieval cue.

Question 18

If one wanted to use the best method to get storage in long-term memory,one would use

Accepted Answer

A) maintenance rehearsal. 
B) rote rehearsal. 
C) elaborative rehearsal. 
D) sleep learning.

Question 19

An important source of false memories comes from

Accepted Answer

A) anterograde amnesia. 
B) source monitoring confusion. 
C) retrograde amnesia. 
D) permastore.

Question 20

When information that you learned in your high school psychology class gets in the way of learning new information from your university-level psychology class,__________ has occurred.

Accepted Answer

A) transience 
B) misinformation 
C) interference 
D) long-term blocking

Exam 7: D: Memory