Question 1

Which of the following is not a falsifiable explanation for why infantile amnesia occurs?

Accepted Answer

A) The hippocampus is only partially developed in infancy. 
B) Episodic memory systems that are necessary for long-term memory are not yet formed. 
C) Memories of early experiences are repressed as fetal memories of negativity can be harmful. 
D) A sense of self is necessary to encode and store memories in a meaningful manner.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true about retrieval?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a process that allows an extinguished CR to recover. 
B) It is a process of getting stored memories back out into consciousness. 
C) It is a process of getting information from the sensory receptors to the brain. 
D) It is the reason that conditioned taste aversions last so long.

Question 3

Researchers asked students about their initial recollections a few days after the Challenger explosion and then two and a half to three years later.The results showed that

Accepted Answer

A) most students showed dramatic changes from their initial recollections to their later recollections. 
B) few students failed to show changes in their memories with the passage of time,and about one-third showed dramatic changes in memory. 
C) few students showed significant changes in their memories with the passage of time,and their initial recollections were largely accurate. 
D) most students showed changes in their memories with the passage of time,but only a few showed dramatic changes in memory.

Question 4

Which of the following has not been associated with causing distortions in children's memories?

Accepted Answer

A) Schemas 
B) Repeated questioning 
C) Free recall 
D) Suggestive questions

Question 5

Taryn is trying to remember a list of terms for her biology class,so she decides to create rhymes to make the material more memorable.Taryn is using the mnemonic technique called

Accepted Answer

A) the method of loci. 
B) the pegword. 
C) an acronym. 
D) the keyword method.

Question 6

In which case is eyewitness identification likely to be least accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) When the victim gets a good look at the criminal 
B) When the victim and suspect are from the same racial group 
C) When the crime involves use of a weapon 
D) When a witness has not talked to other witnesses

Question 7

You are learning a list of items for a test by relating the items to each other and to information that you already have stored in memory.Which type of rehearsal are you using?

Accepted Answer

A) Condensed 
B) Permanent 
C) Maintenance 
D) Elaborative

Question 8

Which type of memory allows us to have meaningful conversations?

Accepted Answer

A) Iconic memory 
B) Echoic memory 
C) Distributed memory 
D) Procedural memory

Question 9

Results from a variety of different studies have found that __________ is the prime culprit in forgetting information from short-term memory.

Accepted Answer

A) interference 
B) memory span 
C) decay 
D) memory duration

Question 10

__________ interference occurs when learning something new hampers earlier learning,and __________ interference occurs when earlier learning gets in the way of new learning.

Accepted Answer

A) Maintenance;elaborative 
B) Elaborative;maintenance 
C) Retroactive;proactive 
D) Proactive;retroactive

Question 11

An important criticism of the depth of processing model is that it is

Accepted Answer

A) an incomplete explanation of the working of memory. 
B) unfalsifiable. 
C) unsupported by research data. 
D) falsifiable.

Question 12

__________ is defined as an active system that receives information from the senses,organizes and alters information as it stores it away,and then retrieves the information from storage.

Accepted Answer

A) Classical conditioning 
B) Operant conditioning 
C) Learning 
D) Memory

Question 13

Memory errors in long-term memory tend to be __________ and tend to be __________ for short-term memory.

Accepted Answer

A) acoustic;phonological 
B) visual;acoustic 
C) semantic;visual 
D) semantic;acoustic

Question 14

Hideki and Thao are studying for an exam.Thao asks the following question: "What term refers to how people use information from the past in the present?" Hideki would be most correct if he answered,

Accepted Answer

A) "Encoding." 
B) "Memory." 
C) "Elaborative rehearsal." 
D) "Suggestive memory."

Question 15

__________ memory is constantly updated.

Accepted Answer

A) Procedural 
B) Declarative 
C) Semantic 
D) Episodic

Question 16

How we store our experiences in memory depends upon our

Accepted Answer

A) short-term memory capacity. 
B) attention during the experience. 
C) interpretations and expectations. 
D) long-term memory capacity.

Question 17

A group of three- to six-year-old children were told about a man named "Sam Stone." For several weeks "Sam" was described to them as being clumsy.Upon his visit,he did nothing to confirm this stereotype.How did this impact the children's memory?

Accepted Answer

A) Over half of the children,regardless of age,responded to these suggestions while lower percentages also reported that Sam soiled a bear and tore a book. 
B) Many three- and four-year-olds responded to these suggestions,but few of the older children did. 
C) Over half of the children,regardless of age,responded to these suggestions as well as later information that Sam soiled a bear and tore a book. 
D) Many of the five- and six-year-olds responded to these suggestions,but few of the younger children did.

Question 18

Jasmine needs to remember an eight-line poem for her Grade five English class next week.Her mother suggests that she link the first few words from each line with a different part of their home,starting with the front door.This suggestion is most similar to the memory strategy known as

Accepted Answer

A) the keyword method. 
B) an acronym. 
C) the method of loci. 
D) the pegword method.

Question 19

Although both Clive Wearing and a patient known as H.M.had severely damaged hippocampi or removed hippocampi,they both showed evidence of

Accepted Answer

A) episodic memory. 
B) implicit memory. 
C) explicit memory. 
D) semantic memory.

Question 20

Bits of information are combined into meaningful units so that more information can be held in short-term memory through the process of

Accepted Answer

A) flashbulb memory. 
B) hypnotic regression. 
C) photographic memory. 
D) chunking.

Exam 7: D: Memory