Question 1

Brandon is a 6-year-old who was diagnosed with autism at age 2. He has been receiving a treatment called applied behavioural analysis (ABA) for the past 4 years. Which of the following outcomes is most likely for Brandon after 4 years of receiving ABA, according to research presented in the textbook?

Accepted Answer

A)  Brandon will have a higher IQ than before he started. 
B)  Brandon will have excellent social relationships with family and friends by age 6. 
C)  Brandon will have required intensive treatment at first but after 1 year his behaviour will have improved and time in therapy would be reduced. 
D)  Brandon will have required both ABA treatment as well as a supplemental therapy like group therapy to increase his social skills.

Question 2

Studies of people with schizophrenia who live with their families after therapy indicate:

Accepted Answer

A)  the family has little influence on the course of the illness 
B)  the amount of negative emotion expressed toward the individual by family members predicts relapse rates 
C)  that the more time spent with the family, the better the prognosis 
D)  that relapse rates are higher when families are wealthier

Question 3

Jenny is in psychotherapy for an eating disorder. Her therapist is warm and supportive and can easily take her perspective. He encourages her to express her thoughts and feelings about her eating issues and does not judge or criticize anything she says. This therapeutic relationship is the basis for change, creating an environment where the client can be herself. This therapist is using a ____________ therapeutic approach.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive-behavioural 
B)  client-centred 
C)  rational-emotive 
D)  psychoanalytic

Question 4

Which of the following psychological treatments appears to have the most research support in terms of large-scale treatment studies of adolescent depression?

Accepted Answer

A)  group behaviour therapy 
B)  behaviour therapy 
C)  cognitive-behavioural therapy 
D)  brief psychodynamic therapy

Question 5

Individuals with anti-social personality disorder:

Accepted Answer

A)  are very responsive to treatment 
B)  are responsive to treatment if it is used before the age of 40 
C)  tend to improve after age 40 without therapeutic intervention 
D)  respond best to relationship-based psychotherapies, like client-centred therapy

Question 6

Who is usually given credit for introducing surgical treatments of mental disorders?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freud 
B)  Moniz 
C)  Gottman 
D)  Erikson

Question 7

Hayley has a snake phobia. She has always avoided situations in which she may encounter a snake, and even will avoid viewing pictures of them. If Hayley's therapist approaches her problem from a behavioural perspective, he may use:

Accepted Answer

A)  thought prevention 
B)  exposure therapy 
C)  reaction-prevention therapy 
D)  rational-emotive behaviour therapy

Question 8

Panic disorder is best treated by:

Accepted Answer

A)  helping clients realistically assess danger 
B)  neuroleptic drugs 
C)  self-disclosure, for example by writing in a diary 
D)  insight therapy like brief psychodynamic therapy

Question 9

If you are the parent of a child who has been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and who is being treated with Ritalin or similar drugs, what side effects might you expect to see in your child?

Accepted Answer

A)  sleep problems, a pause in growth, and reduced appetite 
B)  deterioration in handwriting quality and an inability to concentrate 
C)  increased distractibility and a ravenous appetite 
D)  a general apathy along with a disinterest in social interaction

Question 10

A paradoxical aspect of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  although people think that children with this disorder are hyperaroused, they are really underaroused 
B)  treating it too early results in an intensification of the disorder later 
C)  drugs for this disorder are the same drugs given to people with schizophrenia, even though children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder do not have schizophrenia symptoms 
D)  most children only show aspects of hyperactivity, not attention deficit

Question 11

Torrence is engaged in cognitive-behavioural therapy to treat his social phobia. Although tranquilizers may be effective in the short term, they are not a long-term solution to Torrence's problem. Based on this logic and on the research findings in the textbook, which other treatment might Torrence benefit from?

Accepted Answer

A)  long-term psychoanalysis 
B)  social skills training 
C)  electroconvulsive therapy 
D)  antidepressant medication

Question 12

When tranquilizers are used for the treatment of phobias:

Accepted Answer

A)  over time the brain is rewired in such a way as to reduce the phobic response 
B)  they tend to be more effective than other interventions 
C)  the phobia returns when the drug is no longer administered 
D)  the side effects of the drug are worse than the phobia

Question 13

Therapies that have no scientific basis, such as re-enacting one's birth and screaming, all have in common that they:

Accepted Answer

A)  are not yet proven but are based on traditional therapeutic theory 
B)  may be harmful 
C)  are effective for short-term disorders but not for long-term problems 
D)  rely on careful empirical research

Question 14

____________ is best treated with medication. This is a problem because ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Depression; people with depression are often too apathetic to take their medication 
B)  Depression; there are few good pharmacological treatments available 
C)  Bipolar disorder; the drugs are so expensive almost no one can afford them 
D)  Bipolar disorder; aspects of the disorder are considered pleasurable and attractive, so there is an incentive to stop taking the medication

Question 15

One of the more exciting treatments for depression has shown what the textbook calls "stunning" results in severely depressed people. Four out of six patients in one study felt almost immediate relief from depression symptoms once this treatment program began. This treatment is:

Accepted Answer

A)  electroconvulsive therapy 
B)  transcranial magnetic stimulation 
C)  targeted prefrontal psychosurgery 
D)  deep brain stimulation

Question 16

The drug lithium:

Accepted Answer

A)  has side effects that intensify over time 
B)  was specifically developed to treat mood disorders 
C)  has side effects that diminish over time 
D)  is much less effective than cognitive-behavioural therapy for treating bipolar disorder

Question 17

How do serotonin agonist drugs affect children with autism?

Accepted Answer

A)  The drugs reduce repetitive, self-stimulating behaviours. 
B)  The drugs improve mood and make behavioural treatments easier to implement. 
C)  The drugs increase social bonding. 
D)  The drugs do not produce effects in children with autism, even though they do work effectively on other disorders like depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 18

Skylar recently became a clinical psychologist and is interested in working specifically with women suffering from depression. Based on what is known about the demographics of this disorder, which of the following issues is likely to come up most frequently in sessions with depressed clients?

Accepted Answer

A)  the difficulties involved in discussing one's sexual orientation 
B)  how race and ethnicity affect one's self-perception and social interactions 
C)  the multiple demands of both work and family life, and the interaction between these 
D)  the stresses of being poor

Question 19

In comparing cognitive-behavioural therapy and the drug imipramine for treating panic disorder, Barlow found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  both were equally effective 
B)  the drug was more effective, particularly over time 
C)  cognitive-behavioural therapy worked better over the long term 
D)  neither approach worked very well for this disorder

Question 20

The case of the child with autism named James reported in the text reveals:

Accepted Answer

A)  how labour-intensive the preferred therapeutic intervention for this disorder is 
B)  the importance of the structured school setting in a child's recovery 
C)  that children with autism can function normally if treatment begins early 
D)  the superiority of drug treatment for the disorder

Exam 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders