Question 1

In rats, the hormone _______ masculinizes the nervous systems of genetic males and genetic females.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In rats, the hormone _______ masculinizes the...

Question 2

Which of the following explains eusociality in naked mole-rats?

Accepted Answer

A)  High chances for individual reproductive success 
B)  Social groups composed of unrelated individuals 
C)  High costs of dispersal 
D)  Haplodiploidy 
E)  High success rate associated with establishing new colonies

Question 3

By courting a female vigorously, a male lizard gives up the chance to forage.The possible benefits of foraging that are lost due to the lizard's courting are an example of _______ costs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of By courting a female vigorously, a male...

Question 4

Which statement about a polyandrous mating system is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polyandry is relatively rare. 
B)  There is no maternal investment in offspring. 
C)  Paternal care of young has a large effect on fitness. 
D)  This type of mating system is exhibited by some birds and a few mammals. 
E)  In this type of mating system, one female mates with multiple males.

Question 5

Which of the following does not characterize the approach of behaviorists?

Accepted Answer

A)  They focus on laboratory experiments. 
B)  They emphasize model species. 
C)  They focus on questions about memory. 
D)  They examine instinctive behaviors. 
E)  They focus on questions about learning.

Question 6

Which statement about genes and behavior is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most behaviors involve many genes that function in cascades. 
B)  Gene cascades offer opportunities for simple genetic changes to alter complex behaviors. 
C)  Changes in single genes can influence the behavior of an animal and ultimately its fitness. 
D)  Most behaviors involve certain genes that influence a whole range of other genes. 
E)  There is no evidence that variants of single genes influence human behavior.

Question 7

A study of how chimpanzee feeding behavior changes with age and can be modified by learning addresses (proximate/ultimate) _______ causes of behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A study of how chimpanzee feeding behavior...

Question 8

Suppose you have two groups of hamsters: one group consisting of animals with short circadian periods and the other consisting of animals with long circadian periods.The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the long-day hamsters have been destroyed and short-day fetal SCN tissue has been transplanted into the lesioned tissue.What will be the result?

Accepted Answer

A)  The long-day adults will remain arrhythmic. 
B)  The long-day adults will demonstrate long-day rhythms. 
C)  The long-day adult will demonstrate short-day rhythms. 
D)  The rhythms of the adults will become entrained to the laboratory lighting. 
E)  The long-day adults will exhibit free-running rhythms.

Question 9

Which statement about the impact of testosterone on brains of adult songbirds is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases in circulating testosterone in spring cause increases in the size of brain regions in adult males. 
B)  Adult females injected with testosterone in spring sing their species-specific song. 
C)  Under normal circumstances, adult females lack the hormonal stimulation to sing in spring. 
D)  Increases in the size of brain regions due to rising levels of testosterone reflect increases in size and number of neurons. 
E)  Females fail to form a memory of their species-specific song as nestlings.

Question 10

Which of the following requires an animal to "know" the latitude and longitude of its current position and its intended destination?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bicoordinate navigation 
B)  Piloting 
C)  Distance-and-direction navigation 
D)  Homing 
E)  Migration

Question 11

Refer to the figure showing models of gull heads of different shapes and colors.  In this example, what would ethologists call the pecking response of the chick? What would ethologists call the red dot?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure showing models of...

Question 12

While singing, a male songbird increases his chances of acquiring a mate but also makes himself more obvious to predators.The male bird's chance of being killed by a predator is an example of a(n) _______ cost.

Accepted Answer

A)  reproductive 
B)  delayed 
C)  risk 
D)  energetic 
E)  opportunity

Question 13

If an animal with a circadian clock of about 25 hours is kept in the dark without environmental time cues, it will

Accepted Answer

A)  become active one hour later each day. 
B)  become active at the same time each day. 
C)  become active one hour earlier each day. 
D)  become active two hours earlier each day. 
E)  have an unpredictable pattern of activity.

Question 14

At noon in the Northern Hemisphere, a bee is performing a waggle dance that is oriented 90 degrees to the right of vertical on the honeycomb.The waggle portion of the dance has a long duration.What is she communicating to her hivemates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Food is close to the hive, and when you leave the hive, go right. 
B)  Food is far from the hive and to the west. 
C)  Food is close to the hive and to the east. 
D)  Food is in the direction of the sun. 
E)  The food source was in the east when I found it early this morning.

Question 15

Which of the following does not characterize distance-direction navigation?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is used by humans. 
B)  It involves movement through unfamiliar environments to reach a destination. 
C)  It requires a compass (or a compass sense) to determine direction. 
D)  It requires knowledge of map coordinates of a current location and destination. 
E)  It requires knowledge about the distance to the destination.

Question 16

Under which condition would you expect an animal to defend a food resource?

Accepted Answer

A)  Food is widely distributed. 
B)  There is high intruder pressure. 
C)  Food is very abundant. 
D)  Food fluctuates in availability. 
E)  Nest sites are relatively small and localized.

Question 17

Evaluate these two statements: Under normal circumstances, estrogen early in life organizes the female rat's nervous system so she has the potential to display female sexual behavior (lordosis) in adulthood.Estrogen in adulthood is needed for the female to display sexual behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Evaluate these two statements: Under normal circumstances,...

Question 18

The numbers below represent, for various species of mammals, the typical number of females a male has access to based on his outcompeting other males.In which species would you most expect to find males and females of similar body size?

Accepted Answer

A)  Species A-1 
B)  Species B-3 
C)  Species C-40 
D)  Species D-10 
E)  Species E-5

Question 19

Individuals that live in groups may face all the following costs except increased

Accepted Answer

A)  competition for mates. 
B)  risk of disease transmission. 
C)  time spent looking for predators. 
D)  competition for food. 
E)  conspicuousness to predators.

Question 20

Which statement about hormones and the singing behavior of male birds is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each spring, increases in circulating levels of testosterone cause areas of the brain that are related to learning song to increase in size. 
B)  Seasonal increases in the size of certain brain regions are due in part to increases in the size and branching patterns of individual neurons. 
C)  Research on bird song confirms that new neurons cannot be produced in the brains of adult vertebrates. 
D)  Hormones can change brain structure and brain function. 
E)  Singing behavior is induced in the spring when specific genes in the brain are triggered to be switched on.

Exam 52: Animal Behavior