Question 1

Why would a tropical fish in a fish tank face severe respiratory problems (and possibly death) if the heater in the tank malfunctioned and caused extremely high water temperatures?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why would a tropical fish in a...

Question 2

In humans, the effective thickness of the respiratory membrane increases dramatically when fluid accumulates in the lungs, such as during pneumonia.Using Fick's law of diffusion to frame your answer, what general health concern would arise under such conditions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In humans, the effective thickness of the...

Question 3

Which statement about the respiratory system of air-breathing insects is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiratory gases diffuse through fluid most of the way to and from cells. 
B)  Spiracles are gated openings restricted to the thorax region. 
C)  Spiracles are permanently open. 
D)  Air sacs are gas exchange surfaces. 
E)  Spiracles open to allow gas exchange.

Question 4

Oxygen diffuses about _______ times more rapidly in _______ than in _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  8; air; water 
B)  80; air; water 
C)  800; air; water 
D)  8,000; water; air 
E)  8,000; air; water

Question 5

Which statement most accurately describes three containers of water at equilibrium with air but at low, medium, and high temperatures?

Accepted Answer

A)  The concentration of oxygen and the partial pressure of oxygen will be lowest in the high-temperature container. 
B)  The concentration of oxygen will be highest in the high-temperature container, but the partial pressures will be the same in all three containers. 
C)  The concentration of oxygen and the partial pressure of oxygen will be highest in the high-temperature container. 
D)  The concentration of oxygen will be lowest in the high-temperature container, but the partial pressures of oxygen will be the same in all three containers. 
E)  The concentration of oxygen and the partial pressure of oxygen will be highest in the medium-temperature container.

Question 6

A high PO2 gradient is maintained in bird lungs because

Accepted Answer

A)  the lungs have a large amount of dead space. 
B)  stale air does not mix with fresh air. 
C)  the lungs are exceptionally large. 
D)  the lungs are never completely emptied during an exhalation. 
E)  the air sacs provide additional surface area for gas exchange.

Question 7

Bird and fish respiratory systems are similar in that both

Accepted Answer

A)  employ a countercurrent exchanger. 
B)  have air sacs. 
C)  function by means of unidirectional flow of the environmental medium over the gas exchange membranes. 
D)  consist of infoldings of the body. 
E)  include a trachea that branches into paired bronchi.

Question 8

The ability of hemoglobin to pick up or release O₂ depends on the _______ of its environment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ability of hemoglobin to pick up...

Question 9

_______ is the movement of the external medium across the respiratory membrane, while _______ is the movement of an internal medium, such as blood, over the respiratory membrane.

Accepted Answer

A)  Perfusion; ventilation 
B)  Respiration; perfusion 
C)  Ventilation; perfusion 
D)  Ventilation; respiration 
E)  Perfusion; breathing

Question 10

The largest proportion of CO2 carried by the blood is in the form of

Accepted Answer

A)  bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) carried in the plasma. 
B)  molecular CO2 dissolved in the plasma. 
C)  bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) carried within the red blood cells. 
D)  molecular CO2 chemically bound to hemoglobin. 
E)  molecular CO2 chemically bound to myoglobin.

Question 11

Which statement about the structure of the fish gill is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Efferent vessels bring blood to the gills, whereas afferent vessels take blood away from the gills. 
B)  Exchange of respiratory gases occurs within the lamellae of the gill filaments. 
C)  The efferent and afferent vessels are the countercurrent flow system of the gill. 
D)  The lamellae are further subdivided into gill filaments. 
E)  The opercular flaps open to take in water from outside into the gill chamber.

Question 12

What is the correct pairing of type of hemoglobin and description?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fetal: two α-globin chains and four γ-globin chains 
B)  Adult: O2-binding/dissociation curve shifted to the left of the myoglobin curve 
C)  Fetal: O2-binding/dissociation curve shifted to the left of the curve for adult hemoglobin 
D)  Adult: two α-globin chains and four β-globin chains 
E)  Fetal: O2-binding/dissociation curve shifted to the right of the curve for maternal hemoglobin

Question 13

In the human gas exchange system,

Accepted Answer

A)  the lungs and airways are completely collapsed after a forceful exhalation. 
B)  the average PO2 concentration of air inside the lungs is always lower than that in the air outside the lungs. 
C)  the production of surfactant increases the effort required for inhalation. 
D)  the amount of air that is moved per breath during normal, at-rest breathing is termed the vital capacity. 
E)  O2 and CO2 are actively transported across the alveolar and capillary membranes.

Question 14

One of the most serious effects of cigarette smoking on the lungs is the

Accepted Answer

A)  removal of mucus from the airways. 
B)  immobilization of cilia lining the airways. 
C)  speeding of airflow through the airways. 
D)  increase in surfactant action that it causes. 
E)  increase in the surface area of alveoli that it induces.

Question 15

Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hemoglobin transports O2 but not CO2. 
B)  The conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid proceeds most quickly in extracellular fluid. 
C)  The γ-globin chains of fetal hemoglobin have a higher affinity for 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid (BPG) than do the β-globin chains of adult hemoglobin. 
D)  The conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid proceeds very rapidly in red blood cells. 
E)  The conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid proceeds slowly in endothelial cells.

Question 16

In humans, arterial PCO2 is monitored carefully by breathing centers in the medulla, and any changes in it lead quickly to changes in respiratory rate.The actual stimulus that leads to increased respiratory gas exchange is/are

Accepted Answer

A)  PN2. 
B)  PO2. 
C)  temperature as measured at the hypothalamus. 
D)  hydrogen ions. 
E)  pulse rate.

Question 17

In mammals, C-shaped bands of cartilage support the airways, but these supports disappear at the

Accepted Answer

A)  trachea. 
B)  bronchi. 
C)  bronchioles. 
D)  alveoli. 
E)  larynx.

Question 18

Refer to the figure.  This figure could represent a blood capillary in a

Accepted Answer

A)  goldfish heart. 
B)  human heart. 
C)  rabbit lung. 
D)  grasshopper tracheole. 
E)  seagull air sac.

Question 19

In tidal respiration, after extreme exhalation, the lungs and airways still contain a(n) _______ volume of air.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In tidal respiration, after extreme exhalation, the...

Question 20

Refer to the figure showing a death's head hawkmoth larva.  The series of holes labeled A in this larva are _______, which are part of the breathing system.They open to allow for gas exchange and close to prevent water loss.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure showing a death's...

Exam 48: Gas Exchange

Why would a tropical fish in a fish tank face severe respiratory problems (and possibly death) if the heater in the tank malfunctioned and caused extremely high water temperatures?

In humans, the effective thickness of the respiratory membrane increases dramatically when fluid accumulates in the lungs, such as during pneumonia.Using Fick's law of diffusion to frame your answer, what general health concern would arise under such conditions?

Which statement about the respiratory system of air-breathing insects is true?

Oxygen diffuses about ___ times more rapidly in _ than in _____.

Which statement most accurately describes three containers of water at equilibrium with air but at low, medium, and high temperatures?

A high P_O₂ gradient is maintained in bird lungs because

Bird and fish respiratory systems are similar in that both

The ability of hemoglobin to pick up or release O₂ depends on the _______ of its environment.

_ is the movement of the external medium across the respiratory membrane, while _ is the movement of an internal medium, such as blood, over the respiratory membrane.

The largest proportion of CO₂ carried by the blood is in the form of

Which statement about the structure of the fish gill is true?

What is the correct pairing of type of hemoglobin and description?

In the human gas exchange system,

One of the most serious effects of cigarette smoking on the lungs is the

Which statement is true?

In humans, arterial PCO₂ is monitored carefully by breathing centers in the medulla, and any changes in it lead quickly to changes in respiratory rate.The actual stimulus that leads to increased respiratory gas exchange is/are

In mammals, C-shaped bands of cartilage support the airways, but these supports disappear at the

Refer to the figure. This figure could represent a blood capillary in a

In tidal respiration, after extreme exhalation, the lungs and airways still contain a(n) _______ volume of air.

Refer to the figure showing a death's head hawkmoth larva. The series of holes labeled A in this larva are _______, which are part of the breathing system.They open to allow for gas exchange and close to prevent water loss.

Exam 48: Gas Exchange

Why would a tropical fish in a fish tank face severe respiratory problems (and possibly death) if the heater in the tank malfunctioned and caused extremely high water temperatures?

In humans, the effective thickness of the respiratory membrane increases dramatically when fluid accumulates in the lungs, such as during pneumonia.Using Fick's law of diffusion to frame your answer, what general health concern would arise under such conditions?

Which statement about the respiratory system of air-breathing insects is true?

Oxygen diffuses about _______ times more rapidly in _______ than in _______.

Which statement most accurately describes three containers of water at equilibrium with air but at low, medium, and high temperatures?

A high PO2 gradient is maintained in bird lungs because

Bird and fish respiratory systems are similar in that both

The ability of hemoglobin to pick up or release O2 depends on the _______ of its environment.

_______ is the movement of the external medium across the respiratory membrane, while _______ is the movement of an internal medium, such as blood, over the respiratory membrane.

The largest proportion of CO2 carried by the blood is in the form of

Which statement about the structure of the fish gill is true?

What is the correct pairing of type of hemoglobin and description?

In the human gas exchange system,

One of the most serious effects of cigarette smoking on the lungs is the

Which statement is true?

In humans, arterial PCO2 is monitored carefully by breathing centers in the medulla, and any changes in it lead quickly to changes in respiratory rate.The actual stimulus that leads to increased respiratory gas exchange is/are

In mammals, C-shaped bands of cartilage support the airways, but these supports disappear at the

Refer to the figure. This figure could represent a blood capillary in a

In tidal respiration, after extreme exhalation, the lungs and airways still contain a(n) _______ volume of air.

Refer to the figure showing a death's head hawkmoth larva. The series of holes labeled A in this larva are _______, which are part of the breathing system.They open to allow for gas exchange and close to prevent water loss.

Oxygen diffuses about ___ times more rapidly in _ than in _____.

A high P_O₂ gradient is maintained in bird lungs because

The ability of hemoglobin to pick up or release O₂ depends on the _______ of its environment.

_ is the movement of the external medium across the respiratory membrane, while _ is the movement of an internal medium, such as blood, over the respiratory membrane.

The largest proportion of CO₂ carried by the blood is in the form of

In humans, arterial PCO₂ is monitored carefully by breathing centers in the medulla, and any changes in it lead quickly to changes in respiratory rate.The actual stimulus that leads to increased respiratory gas exchange is/are