Question 1

Fertilization in mammals and sea urchins is similar in which way?

Accepted Answer

A)  The first structure surrounding the egg with which the sperm comes in contact triggers the acrosomal reaction. 
B)  It occurs in the external environment. 
C)  Sperm recognition molecules occur on the egg plasma membrane. 
D)  Rises in calcium in the cytoplasm prevent entry by additional sperm. 
E)  The fast block to polyspermy occurs when there is a change in the electrical charge difference across the egg plasma membrane.

Question 2

Which statement about events during childbirth is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Progesterone stimulates and estrogen inhibits contractions of uterine muscle. 
B)  Mechanical stimuli increase the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) by the posterior pituitary. 
C)  The onset of labor is controlled solely by hormonal stimuli. 
D)  The onset of labor is marked by increased oxytocin secretion by the pituitaries of both mother and fetus. 
E)  The third (last) stage of labor ends with delivery of the baby.

Question 3

In placental mammals, the blastocyst normally implants within the

Accepted Answer

A)  oviducts. 
B)  ovary. 
C)  endometrium of the uterus. 
D)  myometrium of the vagina. 
E)  chorion.

Question 4

Which is the correct sequence of structures through which a mammalian sperm passes before fertilizing an egg?

Accepted Answer

A)  Uterus, vagina, cervix, oviduct, ovary 
B)  Vagina, cervix, uterus, oviduct 
C)  Oviduct, uterus, vagina, ovary, body cavity 
D)  Vagina, cervix, oviduct, uterus 
E)  Vagina, uterus, oviduct, body cavity

Question 5

Which anatomical feature(s) is/are shared by both the reproductive and excretory systems in most male mammals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prostate gland 
B)  Seminiferous tubules 
C)  Vas deferens 
D)  Urethra 
E)  Epididymis

Question 6

Which cell types differentiate into sperm cells at the end of spermatogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sperm 
B)  Spermatogonia 
C)  Spermatids 
D)  Primary spermatocytes 
E)  Secondary spermatocytes

Question 7

Progesterone

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulates uterine contractions. 
B)  maintains the endometrium. 
C)  production is inhibited by the corpus luteum. 
D)  can be detected in pregnancy tests. 
E)  production is inhibited by the placenta.

Question 8

Choose the correct pairing in human females.

Accepted Answer

A)  At birth-approximately 1,000 oocytes in each ovary 
B)  At menopause-2,000 oocytes in each ovary 
C)  At puberty-20,000 oocytes in each ovary 
D)  Ovulated over a lifetime-approximately 450 oocytes 
E)  Each month during fertile years-one follicle begins to mature

Question 9

The _______ of the human male contains sperm and secretions from bulbourethral glands, seminal vesicles, and the prostate gland.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _______ of the human male contains...

Question 10

If a woman gives birth to fraternal (non-identical) twins, then she ovulated more than one egg prior to conception.This could occur if, during that ovarian cycle,

Accepted Answer

A)  the thecal cells of two follicles produced more estrogen than the others. 
B)  the granulosa cells of two follicles produced more testosterone than the others. 
C)  the granulosa cells of two follicles developed the highest amounts of FSH and LH receptors. 
D)  the thecal cells of two follicles produced the highest amounts of FSH and LH. 
E)  two follicles developed both thecal and granulosa cell layers.

Question 11

While examining histological sections derived from the testes of human males at various life stages, you come across a slide from the prenatal period.Which cells would you see on this slide?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spermatogonia 
B)  Spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes 
C)  Secondary spermatocytes 
D)  Spermatids 
E)  Sperm

Question 12

A man and a woman who want to conceive a child together are both carriers of a mutation that, in a homozygous condition, causes cystic fibrosis, a life-threatening genetic disease.After consulting a genetic counselor, they decide on a method of conceiving a child that is free of the disease.What method would they most likely have chosen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Artificial insemination of the woman with the man's sperm 
B)  In vitro fertilization followed by intrafallopian embryo transfer 
C)  Gamete intrafallopian tube transfer (GIFT) 
D)  Intracytoplasmic sperm injection followed by intrauterine transfer 
E)  In vitro fertilization followed by genetic analysis of one cell from a 4- or 8-cell stage embryo and intrauterine transfer

Question 13

Reproduction in Cnemidophorus uniparens, a parthenogenetic species of whiptail lizard, requires sexual behavior, but all members of the species are female.How do these lizards reproduce?

Accepted Answer

A)  Females hybridize with males of a related species, but accept only some of the chromosomes in the sperm. 
B)  Females that are the most fit temporarily become males, produce and transfer sperm to other females, and then revert to being females. 
C)  The least fit females temporarily become males, produce and transfer sperm to other females, and then revert to being female. 
D)  Females with high progesterone levels act like males, but they do not produce any sperm. 
E)  Females with high estrogen levels act like males, but they do not produce any sperm.

Question 14

Which statement about blocks to polyspermy in sea urchins is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The slow block creates a physical barrier that sperm cannot penetrate. 
B)  Blocks to polyspermy prevent more than one sperm from approaching an egg. 
C)  The fast block causes release of the acrosomal enzymes. 
D)  The fast block results from a change in the electrical charge difference across the plasma membrane of the sperm. 
E)  The slow block results from a sequestration of calcium in the endoplasmic reticulum of the egg.

Question 15

In mammals, two different types of follicle cells surround a developing egg.Thecal cells make up the outer layer and produce testosterone when stimulated by luteinizing hormone (LH).Granulosa cells make up the layer closest to the egg, and they grow and mature in response to follicle-stimulating hormone.Thecal cells are similar to which type of cells in males? Granulosa cells are similar to which type of cells in males?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In mammals, two different types of follicle...

Question 16

Which statement about the reproductive cycles of dogs is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They undergo menstruation when a blastocyst fails to implant. 
B)  They exhibit uterine bleeding similar to menses. 
C)  They are sexually receptive in between each ovarian cycle. 
D)  They are sexually receptive during a restricted period of time called estrus. 
E)  They lack uterine cycles.

Question 17

In women, new follicles do not mature as long as the corpus luteum is maintained because

Accepted Answer

A)  hormones released from the corpus luteum inhibit gonadotropin release. 
B)  hormones released from the corpus luteum inhibit ovarian secretion. 
C)  the ovary receives negative feedback from the endometrial lining of the uterus. 
D)  there is insufficient energy to support both maintenance of the corpus luteum and follicle development. 
E)  hormones released from the corpus luteum inhibit buildup of the endometrium.

Question 18

Which are the initial products of germ cells that arrive in the male gonad?

Accepted Answer