Question 1

The reciprocity norm refers to the expectation that people should

Accepted Answer

A)  help those who need help. 
B)  help those who ask for help. 
C)  help those who help themselves. 
D)  help those who have helped them.

Question 2

Michelle and Janice are high school friends.Michelle helps Janice with her studies,and Janice,who is a popular cheerleader,brings Michelle with her to various social gatherings.This mutually beneficial relationship can best be explained by

Accepted Answer

A)  social exchange theory. 
B)  equity theory. 
C)  reward theory. 
D)  similarity theory.

Question 3

Roberto won 5 million dollars in the lottery.He gave 2 million dollars to a homeless shelter without anyone knowing who gave the money.Roberto's behavior can be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  altruism. 
B)  social exchange. 
C)  equity. 
D)  the reciprocity norm.

Question 4

The bystander effect refers to the tendency for an observer of an emergency to withhold aid if the

Accepted Answer

A)  emergency takes place in a large city. 
B)  observer has just endured a frustrating experience. 
C)  emergency is being observed by a number of other people. 
D)  observer has been exposed to many similar emergencies in the past.

Question 5

Haley thinks Keith's silence indicates that he's angry,so she avoids talking to him.Unfortunately,Keith thinks Haley's quietness signifies that she's angry and wants to be left alone.This situation best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  mirror-image perceptions. 
B)  the reciprocity norm. 
C)  superordinate goals. 
D)  equity.

Question 6

Which of the following hormones does NOT facilitate feelings of passion?

Accepted Answer

A)  testosterone 
B)  dopamine 
C)  oxytocin 
D)  adrenaline

Question 7

An expectation that people will help those who need their help is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  the reciprocity norm. 
B)  GRIT. 
C)  a superordinate goal. 
D)  the social-responsibility norm.

Question 8

Researchers have found all of the following about speed dating EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  compared with men,women tended to wish for future contact with more of their speed dates. 
B)  given more options,people make more superficial choices. 
C)  men wish for future contact with more of their speed dates. 
D)  people who fear rejection often provoke rejection.

Question 9

Research on physical attractiveness indicates that men are more likely than women to

Accepted Answer

A)  express dissatisfaction with their own physical appearance. 
B)  deny that their liking for physically attractive dates is influenced by good looks. 
C)  judge members of the opposite sex as more attractive if they have a youthful appearance. 
D)  marry someone who is less physically attractive than they themselves are.

Question 10

Continuing to operate a fuel-inefficient car despite warnings about the effect of greenhouse gases best illustrates the dynamics of

Accepted Answer

A)  the reciprocity norm. 
B)  a social trap. 
C)  equity. 
D)  the mere exposure effect.

Question 11

Shawn is driving when he notices a car broken down on the side of the road with a woman sitting in the driver's seat.Based on what you know about altruism,bystander intervention,and helping behavior,when is Shawn most likely to pull over to help the woman?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Shawn is driving when he notices a...

Question 12

After she received a free hand-painted Christmas ornament from a religious organization,Mrs.Montevecchi felt obligated to mail a cash donation to the organization.Her response to the free gift best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)  the mere exposure effect. 
B)  social responsibility norm. 
C)  a social trap. 
D)  the reciprocity norm.

Question 13

A sincere word of apology often helps to reduce the tension between two conflicting parties.This best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

A)  the mere exposure effect. 
B)  altruism. 
C)  the bystander effect. 
D)  conciliation.

Question 14

While ________ is an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another,which occurs early in a relationship,________ is a deep feeling of attachment between those who have shared,intertwined lives.

Accepted Answer

A)  altruism;passionate love 
B)  passionate love;self-disclosure 
C)  companionate love;passionate love 
D)  passionate love;companionate love

Question 15

The most powerful predictor of whether friendship begins is

Accepted Answer

A)  attitude. 
B)  proximity. 
C)  self-disclosure. 
D)  altruism.

Question 16

Men wish future contact with ________ of their speed dates than women do.If women at a speed-dating event stay seated while the men circulate,this difference ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  more;disappears 
B)  less;remains 
C)  less;disappears 
D)  more;remains

Question 17

According to social exchange theory,altruistic behavior is guided by

Accepted Answer

A)  calculations of costs and benefits. 
B)  feelings of social responsibility. 
C)  reciprocity norms. 
D)  family ties.

Question 18

People tend to like the letters of their own name better than other letters.This is best explained in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)  self-disclosure. 
B)  mirror-image perceptions. 
C)  the mere exposure effect. 
D)  social exchange theory.

Question 19

Although the leaders of two enemy nations admit to a buildup of their own military forces,each sees the other country's actions as unreasonable and motivated by evil intentions.This situation best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  a social trap. 
B)  the mere exposure effect. 
C)  the reciprocity norm. 
D)  mirror-image perceptions.

Question 20

Marcus continues to water his lawn during a serious draught.He figures that watering his little lawn will make no difference.By pursuing his own self-interest Marcus' behavior illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  a social trap. 
B)  bystander intervention. 
C)  GRIT. 
D)  a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Exam 44: Psychoanalytic Perspective