Question 1

When nitrogen loss exceeds intake the body is in

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen balance. 
B)  negative nitrogen balance. 
C)  positive nitrogen balance.

Question 2

Protein turnover is

Accepted Answer

A)  the coordinated and continual process of breaking down and resynthesizing proteins. 
B)  the 3-dimensional rotation of proteins within cells. 
C)  the breakdown of proteins with subsequent destruction of amino acids. 
D)  the continual synthesis of proteins following excretion of nonfunctional proteins.

Question 3

Essential amino acids are defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  those that cannot be made by the body in the amounts required and therefore must be consumed in the diet. 
B)  those that are difficult to find in a well-balanced diet and must be consumed as supplements. 
C)  those whose nitrogen-containing amino groups must be added in the liver. 
D)  those required for the synthesis of a limited number of essential proteins.

Question 4

When dietary protein consumption exceeds protein needs, the extra amino acids can be converted to fat and stored.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The American College of Sports Medicine states that athletes require more dietary protein than non-athletes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research recommend that people limit their intake of red meat to no more than 18 ounces every week and eat very little processed meat. These recommendations are explained by

Accepted Answer

A)  the association of chronic high consumption of red meat or processed meats with increased risk of colorectal cancer. 
B)  the association of chronic high consumption of red meat or processed meats with increased risk of breast cancer. 
C)  the association of chronic high consumption of red meat or processed meats with increased risk of obesity, a risk factor for certain cancers. 
D)  the association of chronic high consumption of red meat or processed meats with increased risk of lung cancer.

Question 7

Translation is the process

Accepted Answer

A)  by which messenger RNA leaves the nucleus. 
B)  by which amino acids are joined using peptide bonds. 
C)  by which messenger RNA is constructed using DNA as a template. 
D)  of protein folding.

Question 8

Whole proteins can be absorbed through a healthy intestine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The RDA for protein is 0.8 g/kg/day. Todd is 5'10" and weighs 80 kg (about 175 pounds). According to the RDA, he requires

Accepted Answer

A)  6.4 grams of protein per day. 
B)  64 grams of protein per day. 
C)  640 grams of protein per day. 
D)  none of the above; this cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 10

In a protein-deficient state one cannot make _____ to fight off infectious agents.

Accepted Answer

A)  albumin 
B)  hormones 
C)  enzymes 
D)  antibodies

Question 11

The complete digestion of proteins in the small intestine yields

Accepted Answer

A)  only single amino acids that are absorbed across the absorptive cells into the blood. 
B)  single amino acids and di- and tripeptides that are broken down to single amino acids by protesases in the absorptive cells. 
C)  α-keto acids and amino groups that are reassembled in the absorptive cells prior to entering the blood.

Question 12

The three common components of all amino acids are: a central carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, a carboxylic acid group, and

Accepted Answer

A)  a common side-chain group. 
B)  a sulfur-containing amino group. 
C)  a nitrogen-containing amino group. 
D)  a positively charged R-group.

Question 13

HCl is important for protein digestion for two reasons: 1) it denatures proteins in the stomach, and 2)

Accepted Answer

A)  it stimulates gastrin release from the stomach. 
B)  it converts pepsinogen into pepsin. 
C)  it converts pepsin into pepsinogen. 
D)  it maintains the acid environment necessary in the small intestine for protein digestion.

Question 14

During childhood or recovery from an illness, a nitrogen balance study would likely demonstrate

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen balance. 
B)  negative nitrogen balance. 
C)  positive nitrogen balance.

Question 15

Because they do not consume any animal products, vegans must make extra efforts to include nutrients that are found in animal products but to a much lesser degree, if at all, in plant products. These nutrients are iron, calcium, zinc, and

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamin B12. 
B)  vitamin C. 
C)  vitamin K. 
D)  vitamin

Question 16

Amino acids can be used for ATP production.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein is 10 to 35% of total energy intake. If Hannah consumes 2,000 kcal/day, her range of protein intake should be

Accepted Answer

A)  5 to 18 g/day 
B)  25 to 100 g/day 
C)  50 to 175 g/day 
D)  100 to 250 g/day

Question 18

Alterations that change the sequence of information in a gene, leading to a change in the primary structure of a protein, are called

Accepted Answer

A)  epigenetic modifications. 
B)  epigenetic changes. 
C)  transcriptional modifications. 
D)  mutations.

Question 19

Kwashiorkor is a form of protein-energy malnutrition characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  extreme wasting of muscles. 
B)  gain of abdominal adipose tissue. 
C)  severe edema in the extremities. 
D)  unusual growth of the jaw.

Question 20

When nitrogen intake exceeds loss the body is in

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen balance. 
B)  negative nitrogen balance. 
C)  positive nitrogen balance.

Exam 5: Protein

When nitrogen loss exceeds intake the body is in

Protein turnover is

Essential amino acids are defined as

When dietary protein consumption exceeds protein needs, the extra amino acids can be converted to fat and stored.

The American College of Sports Medicine states that athletes require more dietary protein than non-athletes.

The World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research recommend that people limit their intake of red meat to no more than 18 ounces every week and eat very little processed meat. These recommendations are explained by

Translation is the process

Whole proteins can be absorbed through a healthy intestine.

The RDA for protein is 0.8 g/kg/day. Todd is 5'10" and weighs 80 kg (about 175 pounds) . According to the RDA, he requires

In a protein-deficient state one cannot make _____ to fight off infectious agents.

The complete digestion of proteins in the small intestine yields

The three common components of all amino acids are: a central carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, a carboxylic acid group, and

HCl is important for protein digestion for two reasons: 1) it denatures proteins in the stomach, and 2)

During childhood or recovery from an illness, a nitrogen balance study would likely demonstrate

Because they do not consume any animal products, vegans must make extra efforts to include nutrients that are found in animal products but to a much lesser degree, if at all, in plant products. These nutrients are iron, calcium, zinc, and

Amino acids can be used for ATP production.

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein is 10 to 35% of total energy intake. If Hannah consumes 2,000 kcal/day, her range of protein intake should be

Alterations that change the sequence of information in a gene, leading to a change in the primary structure of a protein, are called

Kwashiorkor is a form of protein-energy malnutrition characterized by

When nitrogen intake exceeds loss the body is in