Question 1

The hypothalamus is the region of the brain that regulates hunger and satiety.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

If you are not attempting to gain or lose weight, you should strive to be in positive energy balance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

When a person loses weight, changes in body fat include

Accepted Answer

A)   a return to normal size of the previously enlarged adipocytes.
B)   a reduction in number of adipocytes.
C)   the generation of new adipocytes to replace the previously enlarged cells.
D)   the selective removal of enlarged adipocytes with replacement by new cells. A

Question 4

Gastric stretching, circulating nutrient levels, and ghrelin all participate in

Accepted Answer

A)   inhibition of food intake.
B)   stimulation of food intake.
C)   long-term regulation of food intake.
D)   short-term regulation of food intake.

Question 5

Exercise is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)   planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement intended to improve or maintain physical fitness.
B)   any bodily movement that results in energy expenditure.
C)   coordinated whole-body movements that require energy expenditure in both upper and lower extremities.
D)   intensive activity lasting at least 75 minutes per day.

Question 6

Total energy expenditure represents

Accepted Answer

A)   the amount of energy expenditure needed to balance the amount of energy consumed.
B)   the sum of all energy used by the body.
C)   the sum of all physical activity performed over time.
D)   the sum of energy used to keep the heart beating and nerves functioning.

Question 7

Hypertrophic growth of adipose tissue describes the process of

Accepted Answer

A)   formation of new adipocytes.
B)   adipocytes accumulating triglycerides so that their size increases.
C)   degradation of triglycerides within adipocytes.

Question 8

If a friend of yours wants to lose 15 pounds in 2 weeks on a very-low-calorie diet, what might you suggest is a more realistic goal?

Accepted Answer

A)   Weight loss of one or two pounds per week.
B)   Nothing; this is a completely realistic goal.
C)   Weight loss of 5 to 6 pounds per week.
D)   Reducing caloric intake by only 800 calories per day.

Question 9

The set point theory of body weight regulation suggests that when someone gains weight beyond his or her set point, signals are produced that cause an increase in _____ and a decrease in _____ such that weight loss is induced.

Accepted Answer

A)   exercise; nonexercise activity thermogenesis
B)   food intake; energy expenditure
C)   food aversions; food cravings
D)   energy expenditure; food intake

Question 10

The most successful weight-loss strategy is to combine a reduction in energy intake with an increase in daily physical activity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Body mass index (BMI) is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)   a person's waist-to-hip ratio.
B)   the ratio of the fat mass to fat-free mass.
C)   a person's height divided by the square of their body weight.
D)   a person's body weight divided by the square of their height.

Question 12

During pregnancy, a period of rapid growth and development, one would desire a

Accepted Answer

A)   low energy intake.
B)   low energy expenditure.
C)   positive energy balance.
D)   negative energy balance.

Question 13

Factors that contribute to the likelihood of becoming obese include

Accepted Answer

A)   large portion sizes.
B)   consumption of energy-dense foods, such as most fast foods.
C)   a sedentary lifestyle.
D)   genetics.
E)   All of the above

Question 14

The method of assessing body composition considered to be the "gold standard" is

Accepted Answer

A)   underwater weighing.
B)   dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEX
A)  .
C)   bioelectrical impedance.
D)   skinfold thickness.

Question 15

Overweight and obese people can be physically fit.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Components of a healthy weight-loss program include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)   choosing nutritious foods in moderation.
B)   choosing foods very low in fat.
C)   setting reasonable goals.
D)   increasing daily physical activity.

Question 17

The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the amount of energy expended per hour in order to carry out basic functions such as breathing and beating of the heart. The BMR makes up approximately _____ percent of the TEE.

Accepted Answer

A)   20-40
B)   30-50
C)   50-70
D)   70-90

Question 18

Food aversions and food cravings differ for a number of reasons. Which of the following is not a difference between the two factors?

Accepted Answer

A)   A food aversion is a strong dislike of a particular food, while a food craving is a strong desire for a particular food.
B)   A food aversion tends to persist for a long time, while food cravings can come and go.
C)   Food aversions are psychological factors, while food cravings are physiological factors.

Question 19

The premise of low-fat, high-carbohydrate weight-loss diets includes all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)   Lower fat intake results in lower energy intake since fat contains more calories per gram than carbohydrates or proteins..
B)   High-fat foods are more flavorful, leading to greater intake.
C)   Storage of fat is extremely efficient; therefore, consuming less means less efficient fat storage.
D)   High carbohydrate intake reduces the desire for fat-containing foods.

Question 20

Which body composition method uses measurements of the density of fat mass and fat-free mass to determine a person's percent body fat?

Accepted Answer

A)   Underwater weighing
B)   Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEX
A)  
C)   Bioelectrical impedance
D)   Skinfold thickness

Exam 9: Energy Balance and Body Weight Regulation