Question 1

During infancy, the ability to process the essential fatty acids to other fatty acids such as arachidonic acid and DHA may be impaired due to immature production of the required enzymes. In this situation, arachidonic acid and DHA are considered

Accepted Answer

A)  dispensable. 
B)  nonessential. 
C)  conditionally essential. 
D)  provisionally essential.

Question 2

Triglyceride digestion begins in the mouth because of the activity of

Accepted Answer

A)  salivary amylase. 
B)  lingual lipase. 
C)  gastric lipase. 
D)  pancreatic lipase.

Question 3

Under certain conditions, such as starvation, fatty acids can be used to form

Accepted Answer

A)  ketones, an alternative energy source for some tissues. 
B)  amino acids so that protein synthesis can continue to occur. 
C)  glucose so that the brain can function normally.

Question 4

Unsaturated fatty acids tend to be liquid at room temperature, while saturated fatty acids are usually solid at room temperature. The explanation for this difference is that

Accepted Answer

A)  saturated fatty acids have a rigid structure that allows them to pack densely, making them solid at room temperature. 
B)  unsaturated fatty acids are usually short-chain fatty acids and therefore are usually oils. 
C)  double bonds are stabilized at room temperature, resulting in oil formation. 
D)  double bonds are destabilized at room temperature, resulting in more random movement of fatty acids in oils.

Question 5

Omega-6 eicosanoids are associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  increased inflammation. 
B)  relaxation of blood vessels. 
C)  inhibition of blood clotting.

Question 6

The essential fatty acids are linoleic acid and linolenic acid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A fatty acid that contains only carbon-carbon single bonds is called

Accepted Answer

A)  a saturated fatty acid. 
B)  an unsaturated fatty acid. 
C)  a monounsaturated fatty acid. 
D)  a polyunsaturated fatty acid.

Question 8

Cholesterol-rich low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are produced

Accepted Answer

A)  in the liver. 
B)  in the small intestine. 
C)  in the blood by continued removal of fatty acids from IDL particles. 
D)  in the blood by continued cholesterol pick-up by HDL particles.

Question 9

Fatty acids are the most abundant lipid molecules in the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Chylomicron remnants are taken up into the _____, where their contents are reused or recycled.

Accepted Answer

A)  liver 
B)  kidneys 
C)  pancreas 
D)  adipose tissue

Question 11

Micelles are

Accepted Answer

A)  small droplets of bile released into the duodenum from the gallbladder. 
B)  small droplets of dietary cholesterol that move rapidly through the intestinal tract. 
C)  small droplets of fat resulting from emulsification of large droplets that come from the stomach. 
D)  small droplets of triglycerides that have reformed from the fatty acids and diglycerides produced by lipase activity.

Question 12

Lipids in micelles are taken up by intestinal cells, where

Accepted Answer

A)  the long-chain fatty acids are released into the bloodstream to bind to albumin for transport. 
B)  the fatty acids and monoglycerides are reassembled into triglycerides and incorporated into chylomicrons for transport. 
C)  the fatty acids and monoglycerides are reassembled into triglycerides and incorporated into VLDL particles for transport. 
D)  the cholesterol and phospholipids are converted to triglycerides and incorporated into chylomicrons for transport.

Question 13

In an omega-3 fatty acid of any chain length the first double bond is

Accepted Answer

A)  between the third and fourth carbons counting from the omega (methyl) end of the molecule. 
B)  between the third and fourth carbons counting from the alpha (carboxylic acid) end of the molecule. 
C)  between the sixth and seventh carbons counting from the omega (methyl) end of the molecule. 
D)  in a trans configuration.

Question 14

Functions of cholesterol include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a precursor for bile acids, which are important in lipid digestion. 
B)  It is used to synthesize reproductive hormones such as testosterone and estrogen. 
C)  It is incorporated into cell membranes, where it helps maintain flexibility. 
D)  It is used for energy production when fatty acids are in short supply.

Question 15

Linoleic and linolenic acid

Accepted Answer

A)  are both 16 carbons long. 
B)  are both omega-3 fatty acids. 
C)  are both essential fatty acids. 
D)  contain 2 double bonds each.

Question 16

The metabolic breakdown of fatty acids to produce ATP is called

Accepted Answer

A)  lipolysis. 
B)  lipogenesis. 
C)  β-oxidation. 
D)  fatty acid burning.

Question 17

The products of pancreatic lipase acting on a triglyceride molecule are

Accepted Answer

A)  a monoglyceride and two free fatty acids. 
B)  a diglyceride and one free fatty acid. 
C)  a glycerol backbone and three free fatty acids. 
D)  None of the above; pancreatic lipase only acts on diglycerides.

Question 18

Chylomicrons are released into the _____ for transport.

Accepted Answer

A)  blood 
B)  lymphatic circulation 
C)  lumen of the intestine 
D)  cytoplasm of the cell

Question 19

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for lipids is

Accepted Answer

A)  <30% of total energy intake. 
B)  10-35% of total energy intake. 
C)  20-35% of total energy intake. 
D)  45-65% of total energy intake.

Question 20

Phospholipids and sterols

Accepted Answer

A)  are essential nutrients. 
B)  are important component of cell membranes. 
C)  block transport of lipids in the blood. 
D)  are derived from steroid hormones.

Exam 6: Lipids