Question 1

Differences in opinion among members often occur. At this point, various coalitions may develop among jury members. This may even lead to attacks against each other. A common term for this phenomenon is:

Accepted Answer

A)   informational influence.
B)   normative influence.
C)   leniency bias.
D)   open conflict. D

Question 2

Interestingly, if a defendant is injured in the course of committing a crime:

Accepted Answer

A)   jurors are more likely to hand down a harsh sentence.
B)   jurors are more likely to hand down a lenient sentence.
C)   judges and jurors are more likely to disagree about a sentence.
D)   judges and jurors are more likely to agree about a sentence. B

Question 3

According to the text, in civil trials, corporations are held to a different standard than individuals. This difference may be as a result of the notion that corporations _____, whereas individuals _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   pay lower awards; pay higher awards
B)   pay higher awards; go to jail
C)   are held to a higher standard of decision-making; may have a lapse in judgment
D)   may have a lapse in judgment; are expected to be better trained to guard against bad judgments C

Question 4

Unanimity is required by _____ states in capital murder trials.

Accepted Answer

A)   25
B)   30
C)   45
D)   all 50

Question 5

Individuals that present testimony in court based on their specialized training or knowledge are also known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   expert witnesses.
B)   prosecuting attorneys.
C)   defending attorneys.
D)   strong jurors.

Question 6

Juries may base their verdicts on reasoning that ignores or goes beyond the law. This phenomenon is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)   a hung jury.
B)   jury nullification.
C)   overrule objection.
D)   ironic processes.

Question 7

According to extensive research, the best predictor of what the verdict will be is the _____ of relevant evidence.

Accepted Answer

A)   strength
B)   description
C)   review
D)   discussion

Question 8

The lack of clear evidence often results in jurors considering other factors such as pretrial publicity and prior beliefs. This phenomenon is known as the _____ hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A)   guilty through association
B)   public court accusation
C)   liberation
D)   presumption

Question 9

Members of a jury that appear to have a great deal of influence on the deliberation process are referred to as _____ jurors.

Accepted Answer

A)   potential
B)   helpful
C)   dedicated
D)   strong

Question 10

According to the text, jurors are actively constructing stories _____ the evidence at trial.

Accepted Answer

A)   before hearing
B)   during hearing
C)   after hearing
D)   regardless of hearing

Question 11

According to the text, juries that required unanimity to reach a decision, deliberate _____, and are also more likely to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   faster; consider evidence more carefully
B)   longer; hang
C)   in closed quarters; allow videotaping of the deliberation process
D)   faster; hang

Question 12

In a post verdict survey, it was discovered that _____ of jurors stated that they had adequate opportunities to express their views.

Accepted Answer

A)   about a quarter
B)   a half
C)   about 75%
D)   over 95%

Question 13

When a judge dictates that certain evidence is to be ignored, jurors often feel that their freedom to choose to consider all evidence is threatened. This belief may motivate them to consider inadmissible evidence to a(n) _____ degree as admissible.

Accepted Answer

A)   lesser
B)   greater
C)   similar
D)   third

Question 14

According to the text, two models are utilized when describing the decision-making process of jury members. These two models are known as _____ and _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   mathematical models; statistical models
B)   statistical models; bias models
C)   story models; mathematical models
D)   statistical models; story models

Question 15

When jurors are instructed to disregard the inadmissible evidence, they sometimes feel there is no good reason for such an instruction. Instead, they give that evidence an even greater weight. This process is assumed by _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   relativity
B)   parallel processes
C)   inferiority
D)   reactance

Question 16

It is _____ that jurors would be able to ignore past convictions if instructed so, especially if these convictions were for_____.

Accepted Answer

A)   likely; crimes very different from the one the defendant is being tried for
B)   unlikely; crimes similar to the one the defendant is being tried for
C)   likely; minor crimes
D)   unlikely; white-collar crimes

Question 17

During the deliberation process, two distinct styles are evident. These two styles are _____ and _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   verdict-driven style; evidence-driven style
B)   verdict-driven style; leniency-based
C)   evidence-driven style; reactance-based
D)   evidence-driven style; reconciliation

Question 18

The foreperson of a jury is regarded as its leader. However, a foreperson may or may not exert disproportionate influence on a verdict. In fact, he or she may become more focused on the _____ and on acting as a(n)_____.

Accepted Answer

A)   case itself; strong juror
B)   procedural issues; moderator
C)   organizational issues; strong juror
D)   case itself; expert witness

Question 19

Contrary to popular opinion, a survey administered to jurors after a verdict was reached, revealed that _____ agreed that the deliberation process was rigorous and demonstrated both equality and mutual respect.

Accepted Answer

A)   only 50%
B)   about 75%
C)   over 90%
D)   less than 25%

Question 20

When jurors change their minds through the compelling arguments of other jurors, this phenomenon is also referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)   open conflict.
B)   informational influence.
C)   normative influence.
D)   leniency bias.

Exam 13: Section 2: Child Custody Disputes

Differences in opinion among members often occur. At this point, various coalitions may develop among jury members. This may even lead to attacks against each other. A common term for this phenomenon is:

Interestingly, if a defendant is injured in the course of committing a crime:

According to the text, in civil trials, corporations are held to a different standard than individuals. This difference may be as a result of the notion that corporations _, whereas individuals _.

Unanimity is required by _____ states in capital murder trials.

Individuals that present testimony in court based on their specialized training or knowledge are also known as:

Juries may base their verdicts on reasoning that ignores or goes beyond the law. This phenomenon is referred to as:

According to extensive research, the best predictor of what the verdict will be is the _____ of relevant evidence.

The lack of clear evidence often results in jurors considering other factors such as pretrial publicity and prior beliefs. This phenomenon is known as the _____ hypothesis.

Members of a jury that appear to have a great deal of influence on the deliberation process are referred to as _____ jurors.

According to the text, jurors are actively constructing stories _____ the evidence at trial.

According to the text, juries that required unanimity to reach a decision, deliberate _, and are also more likely to _.

In a post verdict survey, it was discovered that _____ of jurors stated that they had adequate opportunities to express their views.

When a judge dictates that certain evidence is to be ignored, jurors often feel that their freedom to choose to consider all evidence is threatened. This belief may motivate them to consider inadmissible evidence to a(n) _____ degree as admissible.

According to the text, two models are utilized when describing the decision-making process of jury members. These two models are known as _ and _.

When jurors are instructed to disregard the inadmissible evidence, they sometimes feel there is no good reason for such an instruction. Instead, they give that evidence an even greater weight. This process is assumed by _____.

It is _ that jurors would be able to ignore past convictions if instructed so, especially if these convictions were for_.

During the deliberation process, two distinct styles are evident. These two styles are _ and _.

The foreperson of a jury is regarded as its leader. However, a foreperson may or may not exert disproportionate influence on a verdict. In fact, he or she may become more focused on the _ and on acting as a(n) _.

Contrary to popular opinion, a survey administered to jurors after a verdict was reached, revealed that _____ agreed that the deliberation process was rigorous and demonstrated both equality and mutual respect.

When jurors change their minds through the compelling arguments of other jurors, this phenomenon is also referred to as:

Exam 13: Section 2: Child Custody Disputes

Differences in opinion among members often occur. At this point, various coalitions may develop among jury members. This may even lead to attacks against each other. A common term for this phenomenon is:

Interestingly, if a defendant is injured in the course of committing a crime:

According to the text, in civil trials, corporations are held to a different standard than individuals. This difference may be as a result of the notion that corporations _____, whereas individuals _____.

Unanimity is required by _____ states in capital murder trials.

Individuals that present testimony in court based on their specialized training or knowledge are also known as:

Juries may base their verdicts on reasoning that ignores or goes beyond the law. This phenomenon is referred to as:

According to extensive research, the best predictor of what the verdict will be is the _____ of relevant evidence.

The lack of clear evidence often results in jurors considering other factors such as pretrial publicity and prior beliefs. This phenomenon is known as the _____ hypothesis.

Members of a jury that appear to have a great deal of influence on the deliberation process are referred to as _____ jurors.

According to the text, jurors are actively constructing stories _____ the evidence at trial.

According to the text, juries that required unanimity to reach a decision, deliberate _____, and are also more likely to _____.

In a post verdict survey, it was discovered that _____ of jurors stated that they had adequate opportunities to express their views.

When a judge dictates that certain evidence is to be ignored, jurors often feel that their freedom to choose to consider all evidence is threatened. This belief may motivate them to consider inadmissible evidence to a(n) _____ degree as admissible.

According to the text, two models are utilized when describing the decision-making process of jury members. These two models are known as _____ and _____.

When jurors are instructed to disregard the inadmissible evidence, they sometimes feel there is no good reason for such an instruction. Instead, they give that evidence an even greater weight. This process is assumed by _____.

It is _____ that jurors would be able to ignore past convictions if instructed so, especially if these convictions were for_____.

During the deliberation process, two distinct styles are evident. These two styles are _____ and _____.

The foreperson of a jury is regarded as its leader. However, a foreperson may or may not exert disproportionate influence on a verdict. In fact, he or she may become more focused on the _____ and on acting as a(n) _____.

Contrary to popular opinion, a survey administered to jurors after a verdict was reached, revealed that _____ agreed that the deliberation process was rigorous and demonstrated both equality and mutual respect.

When jurors change their minds through the compelling arguments of other jurors, this phenomenon is also referred to as:

According to the text, in civil trials, corporations are held to a different standard than individuals. This difference may be as a result of the notion that corporations _, whereas individuals _.

According to the text, juries that required unanimity to reach a decision, deliberate _, and are also more likely to _.

According to the text, two models are utilized when describing the decision-making process of jury members. These two models are known as _ and _.

It is _ that jurors would be able to ignore past convictions if instructed so, especially if these convictions were for_.

During the deliberation process, two distinct styles are evident. These two styles are _ and _.

The foreperson of a jury is regarded as its leader. However, a foreperson may or may not exert disproportionate influence on a verdict. In fact, he or she may become more focused on the _ and on acting as a(n) _.