Question 1

Regarding risk assessment, which of the following is an example of a false negative?

Accepted Answer

A)   A person who was predicted not to become violent turns out not to be violent.
B)   A person who was predicted to become violent turns out not to be violent.
C)   A person who was predicted not to become violent turns out to be violent.
D)   A person who was predicted to become violent turns out to be violent. C

Question 2

In Kansas v Crane (2002), the Supreme Court has clarified the Hendricks conditions for involuntary civil commitment of sexually violent predators. In addition to the mental illness and future danger requirements, the following condition was added:

Accepted Answer

A)   family turmoil and lack of stable living arrangements.
B)   serious difficulty controlling his or her urges.
C)   extended criminal history of violent offenses.
D)   presence of antisocial personality disorder. B

Question 3

What three states have been responsible for over half the total executions in the United States since 1976?

Accepted Answer

A)   Florida, Georgia, and Alabama
B)   California, Mississippi, and Nevada
C)   South Carolina, Arkansas, and Florida
D)   Texas, Oklahoma, and Virginia D

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT an example of a historical, or "static", marker?

Accepted Answer

A)   Major mental disorder.
B)   Personality disorder.
C)   Impulsivity.
D)   Age at first offense.

Question 5

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court rule that sexually violent predator civil commitment laws did NOT violate double jeopardy?

Accepted Answer

A)   Barefoot v. Estelle
B)   Kansas v. Hendricks
C)   Foucha v. Illinois
D)   O'Connor v. Donaldson

Question 6

Most studies show that sex offenders have lower reoffense rates than other types of criminals. All of the following could be valid reasons for this finding EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   many sexual offenses go unreported.
B)   self-reports might underestimate the incidence of sex crimes.
C)   sex offenders only commit sex offenses when they recidivate.
D)   follow-up time periods for calculating reoffense rate are relatively short.

Question 7

The amicus curiae brief submitted by the American Psychiatric Association in Barefoot v. Estelle summarized five studies that indicated expert predictions of future dangerousness were:

Accepted Answer

A)   incorrect 2 out of 3 times.
B)   correct about 80% of the time.
C)   incorrect 1 out of 3 times.
D)   correct about 70% of the time.

Question 8

Actuarial instruments _____ clinical judgement in predicting violence, though scientists raised some concerns about _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   clearly outperform; their impersonal nature
B)   clearly outperform; their generalizability
C)   do not outperform; the usefulness of either method
D)   do not outperform; the questionable scientific techniques involved

Question 9

There are some important ways in which involuntary civil commitment is different from criminal confinement, as both currently exist. Which of the following is NOT one of these differences?

Accepted Answer

A)   The burden of proof: clear and convincing evidence versus beyond a reasonable doubt.
B)   The length of confinement: indeterminate versus specified.
C)   The reason for confinement: punishment versus prevention of harm.
D)   The decision-making authority: court versus psychiatrists.

Question 10

The rate at which an event occurs in a given population is called the _____ rate.

Accepted Answer

A)   actuarial
B)   statistical
C)   base
D)   occurrence

Question 11

In which of the following cases did the Court extend the Tarasoff requirement by deciding that information provided by a family member of an adult client and not by the client could trigger the "duty to protect" requirement?

Accepted Answer

A)   O'Connor v. Donaldson
B)   Ewing v. Goldstein
C)   Kansas v. Hendricks
D)   Kansas v. Crane

Question 12

Many states and the federal government have passed sexually violent predator civil commitment laws. The basis of these laws is to protect vulnerable citizens, or exercise the _____ power, and to restrain violent individuals, or exercise the state's _____ power.

Accepted Answer

A)   parens patriae; police
B)   police; parens patriae
C)   double jeopardy; substantive
D)   substantive; double jeopardy

Question 13

Beliefs that other people or forces are controlling one's thoughts or implanting thoughts in one's mind are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)   threat/control-override symptoms.
B)   diathesis/stress symptoms.
C)   anger/impulse symptoms.
D)   anosognosia.

Question 14

Although _____ produce(s) more accurate predictions, most research on jurors' reactions to risk assessment evidence finds that _____ impact on juror's ratings of dangerousness.

Accepted Answer

A)   actuarial methods; clinical testimony has a greater
B)   clinical judgement; actuarial predictions have a greater
C)   combined clinical and actuarial testimony; neither method has much
D)   neither clinical nor actuarial methods; actuarial methods have a greater

Question 15

The movement to release mentally ill patients from hospitals is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   humanitarian advocacy.
B)   dehospitalization.
C)   deinstitutionalization.
D)   legislative reforms.

Exam 14: Section 3: Workplace Law: Harassment, Discrimination, and Fairness