Question 1

About how many hours a day do horses typically sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 
B)  5.5 
C)  8 
D)  2 
E)  14

Question 2

The __________ theory of REM sleep suggests that REM sleep and wakefulness serve similar functions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The __________ theory of REM sleep suggests...

Question 3

K complexes and sleep spindles

Accepted Answer

A)  occur during stage 2 sleep. 
B)  are EOG waves. 
C)  are EEG waves. 
D)  both A and B 
E)  both A and C

Question 4

Describe the neural and molecular mechanisms of the circadian clock and the research that led to their discovery.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the neural and molecular mechanisms of...

Question 5

Which of the following is a causal factor in some cases of insomnia?

Accepted Answer

A)  sleeping pills 
B)  sleep apnea 
C)  nocturnal myoclonus 
D)  restless legs 
E)  all of the above

Question 6

The case of Miss M. is interesting because

Accepted Answer

A)  although she slept little, she appeared to be healthy, productive, and well adjusted. 
B)  her lack of sleep had rendered her neurotic. 
C)  she had, with considerable effort, trained herself not to sleep. 
D)  her lack of sleep caused her have vivid hallucinations during the day. 
E)  brain damage had left her unable to sleep.

Question 7

In view of the evidence, the widespread practice of taking melatonin to promote sleep is

Accepted Answer

A)  dangerous and should be stopped. 
B)  definitely a waste of time. 
C)  likely to be of no more than minor benefit. 
D)  almost certain to have major sleep benefits in most people. 
E)  almost certain to have major sleep benefits in people suffering from insomnia.

Question 8

When narcoleptics fall asleep, they often go directly into __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When narcoleptics fall asleep, they often go...

Question 9

A polyphasic sleep cycle is one in which the individual regularly sleeps

Accepted Answer

A)  once every 24 hours. 
B)  once every 24 hours, but sometimes in the day and sometimes in the night. 
C)  more than once every 24 hours. 
D)  three times or more every 24 hours. 
E)  in two or more different advanced phases.

Question 10

The finding that sleep is more efficient in people who regularly sleep less is a key finding because it indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  sleep-deprivation studies can indicate how much sleep people actually need only if the volunteers who are being studied are efficient sleepers to begin with. 
B)  sleep is a positive incentive. 
C)  sleep is made more efficient by reinforcements and punishments. 
D)  REM sleep is fundamentally recuperative. 
E)  sleep can be conditioned.

Question 11

It is impossible for a human to stay awake longer than ________ hours without experiencing life-threatening physiological problems.

Accepted Answer

A)  24 
B)  36 
C)  48 
D)  60 
E)  none of the above

Question 12

The fact that most people sleep almost exactly the same amount each day under free-running conditions, despite large day-to-day variations in physical and mental activity provides strong support for the dominance of

Accepted Answer

A)  recuperative factors in the regulation of sleep. 
B)  circadian factors in the regulation of sleep. 
C)  light cycles in the regulation of sleep. 
D)  light cycles in the regulation of wakefulness. 
E)  temperature in the regulation of sleep.

Question 13

The cortical EEG of cerveau isolé cats is indicative of

Accepted Answer

A)  almost continuous SWS. 
B)  almost continuous REM sleep. 
C)  alternating periods of SWS and REM sleep. 
D)  alternating periods of sleep and wakefulness. 
E)  the arousing effects of reticular formation damage.

Question 14

Stage 4 sleep EEG is characterized by a predominance of __________ waves.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Stage 4 sleep EEG is characterized by...

Question 15

Circadian means

Accepted Answer

A)  happening twice in one day. 
B)  lasting about 1 day. 
C)  lasting half a day. 
D)  weekly. 
E)  every night.

Question 16

Describe two theoretical perspectives of sleep. Which perspective is supported by comparative studies of sleep?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe two theoretical perspectives of sleep. Which...

Question 17

Narcoleptic patients have brains with reduced levels of

Accepted Answer

A)  serotonin. 
B)  orexin. 
C)  dopamine. 
D)  cataplexins. 
E)  cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 18

Because REM sleep is similar to wakefulness in several respects, it makes sense that REM sleep circuits are controlled by a structure involved in maintaining wakefulness: the

Accepted Answer

A)  thalamus. 
B)  basal forebrain. 
C)  reticular activating system. 
D)  cerveau isolé. 
E)  both A and B

Question 19

The pineal gland is located on the midline just below the posterior portion of the

Accepted Answer

A)  corpus callosum. 
B)  hypothalamus. 
C)  cerebellum. 
D)  amygdala. 
E)  hippocampus.

Question 20

The default theory is a theory of

Accepted Answer

A)  slow-wave sleep. 
B)  REM sleep. 
C)  sleep deprivation. 
D)  dreaming. 
E)  insomnia.

Exam 14: Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythms