Question 1

Describe the results of long-term sleep-reduction experiments. Discuss both monophasic and polyphasic sleep. How are sleep times related to health and longevity? What do these lines of research indicate about the need for sleep?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the results of long-term sleep-reduction experiments....

Question 2

One neuropsychological patient had virtually no REM sleep following a brain injury, and he

Accepted Answer

A)  became neurotic. 
B)  developed hypersomnia. 
C)  did not seem to be adversely affected. 
D)  had disturbing dreams during SWS. 
E)  became suicidal.

Question 3

Describe the physiological correlates of dreaming. What has the study of these correlates taught us about dreaming? Describe two key studies as part of your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the physiological correlates of dreaming. What...

Question 4

Sleep apnea is more common in

Accepted Answer

A)  males. 
B)  the overweight. 
C)  the elderly. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  anorexic patients.

Question 5

Although there are serious problems associated with the chronic use of this class of drugs, __________ are commonly prescribed for difficulties in sleeping.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Although there are serious problems associated with...

Question 6

In one study, volunteers gradually reduced the number of hours that they slept each night, until they felt that they had reached their limit. On the average, this limit was

Accepted Answer

A)  45 minutes. 
B)  2 hours. 
C)  5 hours. 
D)  6.5 hours. 
E)  7 hours.

Question 7

The comparative investigation of sleep has led to an important conclusion: It has suggested that

Accepted Answer

A)  sleep serves an important physiological function. 
B)  the function of sleep is not some special higher-order cognitive function. 
C)  sleep may be essential for survival, but it is not necessarily required in large quantities. 
D)  the amount of time that a members of a particular species tend to sleep is related to how long it takes them to consume enough energy when they are awake and how susceptible they are to predation when they are sleeping. 
E)  all of the above

Question 8

Which of the following is least likely to result from sleep deprivation?

Accepted Answer

A)  mood disturbances 
B)  reductions in creativity 
C)  reductions in vigilance 
D)  poor performance of complex cognitive tests 
E)  increased sleepiness

Question 9

Adaptation theories of sleep assume that we are programmed to sleep at night

Accepted Answer

A)  only if we expend energy during the day. 
B)  only if we expend more energy than we consume during the day. 
C)  only if we do not sleep during the day. 
D)  regardless of what we do during the day. 
E)  only if we eat three times per day.

Question 10

Clock is a circadian gene; it was discovered in

Accepted Answer

A)  mice. 
B)  sunflowers. 
C)  dogs. 
D)  humans. 
E)  monkeys.

Question 11

The following is a prediction of many recuperation theories of sleep:

Accepted Answer

A)  Long periods of wakefulness will produce physiological and behavioral disturbances. 
B)  The disturbances produced by sleep deprivation will grow worse as the deprivation continues. 
C)  After a period of sleep deprivation, most missed sleep will be regained. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 12

Sleep deprivation lasting several days usually produces

Accepted Answer

A)  chronic psychosis. 
B)  microsleeps. 
C)  neuronal fatigue. 
D)  chronic tremor. 
E)  all of the above

Question 13

The carousel apparatus has been used to study sleep deprivation in

Accepted Answer

A)  rats. 
B)  men and women. 
C)  children. 
D)  horses. 
E)  monkeys.

Question 14

Many sleep-deprivation studies have assessed its impact on human

Accepted Answer

A)  physiological function. 
B)  mood. 
C)  cognition. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 15

Which stage of sleep EEG is illustrated here?

Accepted Answer

A)  stage 1 
B)  stage 2 
C)  stage 3 
D)  stage 4 
E)  REM

Question 16

Species that sleep a lot tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  be more active. 
B)  have higher body temperatures. 
C)  be small. 
D)  be protected from predation when they sleep. 
E)  all of the above

Question 17

The major internal circadian clock is located in the __________ nuclei.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The major internal circadian clock is located...

Question 18

Sleep-deprived people sometimes experience __________, brief periods during which their eyelids droop, and they become less responsive to external stimuli, even though they remain sitting or standing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sleep-deprived people sometimes experience __________, brief periods...

Question 19

__________ waves are the 8-to-12-Hz EEG waves that are often associated with relaxed wakefulness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ waves are the 8-to-12-Hz EEG waves...

Question 20

Following the completion of one week of REM-sleep deprivation, volunteers

Accepted Answer

A)  normally sleep for about 16 hours and then awaken refreshed. 
B)  gradually increase the amount of REM sleep that they have each night until they get back to their original baseline. 
C)  have a greater than usual proportion of REM sleep for 2 or 3 nights. 
D)  often display psychosis for 2 or 3 days and report particularly lurid dreams. 
E)  both C and D

Exam 14: Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythms