Question 1

The zone of ________ development, from the theory of Lev Vygotsky, refers to the difference between what a child can do alone and what a child can do together with a more competent person.

Accepted Answer

A) proximal 
B) assistive 
C) supplemented 
D) distal

Question 2

The period of transition between childhood and young adulthood is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The period of transition between childhood and...

Question 3

Kevin is a 45-year-old college professor. Compared to when he was 20, Kevin is now likely to

Accepted Answer

A) struggle hearing students' questions during lecture. 
B) struggle analysing students' questions during lecture. 
C) struggle formulating his thoughts when responding to students' questions. 
D) struggle verbalising his thoughts when responding to students' questions.

Question 4

Which of the following is one of the major contributions that Piaget's theory of development, despite some serious limitations, has made to the field of developmental psychology?

Accepted Answer

A) Characterising learning as a passive rather than active process 
B) Viewing children simply as small adults, and addressing their developmental processes as such 
C) Considering that the changes in multiple domains of development involve fewer rather than more numerous processes 
D) Recognising that culture plays no role in development and viewing all children as being essentially identical in their developmental paths

Question 5

A zookeeper finds that a flock of geese follow her wherever she moves because she is the first object that they see after hatching. What is this situation an example of?

Accepted Answer

A) Trust 
B) Imprinting 
C) Contact comfort 
D) Insecure attachment

Question 6

Using specific examples, differentiate between the thinking patterns of a six-year-old student and a nine-year-old student, according to Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using specific examples, differentiate between the thinking...

Question 7

The correct order of the stages of prenatal development is

Accepted Answer

A) foetal stage, embryonic stage, zygotic stage. 
B) germinal stage, embryonic stage, foetal stage. 
C) zygotic stage, foetal stage, germinal stage. 
D) zygotic stage, embryonic stage, germinal stage, foetal stage.

Question 8

According to Vygotsky, cognitive development results, at least in part, from ________.

Accepted Answer

A) biological maturation 
B) scaffolding 
C) genetics 
D) innate intelligence

Question 9

According to Piaget, egocentrism and a lack of conservation ability are both qualities that are seen in the ________ stage of development.

Accepted Answer

A) sensorimotor 
B) preoperational 
C) concrete operations 
D) formal operations

Question 10

The ________ point in a pregnancy-that is, the age at which an infant could survive outside of its mother's womb-is about 25 weeks.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ point in a pregnancy-that is,...

Question 11

The majority of children who were studied by Mary Ainsworth were labelled as having which of the following attachment styles?

Accepted Answer

A) Secure 
B) Insecure-anxious 
C) Insecure-avoidant 
D) Disorganised

Question 12

Young Pemba is being observed as he plays in a room with his mother. Pemba frequently goes to the toys in the room, but occasionally looks back at his mother to make sure she is there. After a quick smile is exchanged between mother and child, Pemba goes back to the task of building with the toys. When Pemba's mother leaves the room, he becomes moderately upset, but is easily soothed when she returns. Which type of attachment does Pemba seem to have with his mother?

Accepted Answer

A) Loving 
B) Secure 
C) Interdependent 
D) Developmental

Question 13

According to research noted in your textbook, children as young as ________ of age already demonstrate a preference for different types of toys, even if they have been exposed only to gender-neutral toys or have had equal access to toys commonly associated with both genders.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 year 
B) 2 years 
C) 3 years 
D) 4 years

Question 14

Research investigating the causes of gender differences in behaviour suggests that

Accepted Answer

A) during infancy, there are no gender differences between the toy preferences of boys and girls. 
B) no gender differences have been found between the toy preferences of boy and girl monkeys. 
C) females exposed to excessive levels of testosterone during birth tend to dislike rough-and-tumble play. 
D) females exposed to excessive levels of testosterone during birth tend to enjoy rough-and-tumble play.

Question 15

Which of the following children is most likely to have a temper tantrum when her father leaves the room?

Accepted Answer

A) Ilsa, who has an insecure-anxious attachment to her father 
B) Nola, who has a secure attachment to her father 
C) Denia, who has a disorganised attachment to her father 
D) Lakesha, who has an insecure-avoidant attachment to her father

Question 16

The prenatal period during which tremendous growth occurs and the organs continue to develop and become functional is called the ________ period.

Accepted Answer

A) germinal 
B) embryonic 
C) foetal 
D) gestational

Question 17

The ________ style of parenting is associated with the best social and emotional outcomes for children and the lowest levels of behaviour problems.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ style of parenting is associated...

Question 18

Xiao is gathering research on the number of meals people eat. He gathers data about the number of daily meals eaten by 25 people at each of the following ages-10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 years-over the course of one week, and looks for developmental differences. What type of research design is Xiao using?

Accepted Answer

A) Continuous 
B) Cross-sectional 
C) Sequential 
D) Longitudinal

Question 19

Lyette has recently given birth to her first child. She decides to start playing classical music near the baby's crib at night so that the child will develop greater intelligence. Which of the following may be an explanation for why such strategies appear to have some impact on the developing child?

Accepted Answer

A) These strategies are like "vegetables for the brain", and affect virtually every area of brain growth and development. This is why it is a good idea to play classical music for a child even before the child is born. 
B) These strategies impact the use of echoic memory, which is distinctly tied to the ability to boost intellectual growth. 
C) These strategies boost the activity of the temporal lobes, which are responsible for both hearing and intellectual development. Therefore, long-term intelligence improvement is likely to occur. 
D) These strategies boost short-term arousal, which may help performance on mentally demanding tasks for a brief period of time; however, there is no evidence that they will affect long-term intelligence.

Question 20

In which stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development do people begin to think logically about abstract concepts?

Accepted Answer

A) The sensorimotor stage 
B) The formal operational stage 
C) The concrete operational stage 
D) The preoperational stage

Exam 10: Human Development