Question 1

According to the authors, ________ is one of the most influential personality theorists in all of psychology.

Accepted Answer

A) Gordon Allport 
B) Sigmund Freud 
C) Abraham Maslow 
D) 
B)  F. Skinner

Question 2

What evidence argues most strongly against social learning theorists' claims that observational learning is a key causal factor in personality development?

Accepted Answer

A) Conscious processing occurs more infrequently than unconscious processing. 
B) The effects of shared environment on adult personality are weak or even nonexistent. 
C) It is difficult to show how reciprocal determinism would exist in daily life. 
D) Researchers consistently find that adult personality is stable rather than changing.

Question 3

You notice your classmate Hannah chewing on her pencil as she takes her psychology final. Which psychosexual stage may not have been resolved?

Accepted Answer

A) Genital 
B) Phallic 
C) Oral 
D) Anal

Question 4

According to humanistic theory, the desire to achieve all that one is capable of is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to humanistic theory, the desire to...

Question 5

The key difference between Maslow's and Rogers's work was the former's focus on ________ and the latter's focus on ________.

Accepted Answer

A) determinism; free will 
B) free will; reciprocal determinism 
C) self-actualised individuals; how self-actualisation was thwarted 
D) self-actualised individuals; unconscious mental processing

Question 6

Ramon is a psychotherapist whose therapeutic orientation follows that of Maslow and Rogers. He readily has an explanation for why his depressed and anxious clients improve with treatment ("They have removed the conditions inhibiting a sense of worth from their lives")as well as why some of his patients fail to improve with treatment ("Important people in their life continue to thwart the development of self-actualisation.")A critical thinker would recognise that Ramon's approach

Accepted Answer

A) cannot be falsified. 
B) fails to rule out rival hypotheses. 
C) lacks extraordinary evidence for his extraordinary claims. 
D) reflects his own personal biases and therefore cannot be trusted.

Question 7

Adam is upset. He tells his roommate that if his psychology teacher knew how to teach, he would not have failed his assignment. What locus of control is Adam demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

A) Latent 
B) Reciprocal 
C) Internal 
D) External

Question 8

Gordon is concerned that his parenting will lead his son and two daughters to feel that they are only loved and accepted when they do things that he approves of and values. This is most similar to

Accepted Answer

A) Bandura's notion of reciprocal determinism. 
B) Freud's notion of the id, ego, and superego. 
C) Rogers's notion of conditions of worth. 
D) Skinner's notion of reinforcers and punishers.

Question 9

If you surveyed 100 trait theorists, you would expect to see many of them argue that personality is structured on ________ different dimensions.

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 5 
D) 7

Question 10

The Oedipus (or Electra)complex is most likely experienced in the ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A) genital 
B) oral 
C) phallic 
D) anal

Question 11

The personality approach offered by the ________ theorists focused on how we influence and are influenced by our differing social environments.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The personality approach offered by the ________...

Question 12

Which of these is an acronym that could help you remember the Big Five traits?

Accepted Answer

A) START 
B) BEGIN 
C) DUNES 
D) OCEAN

Question 13

Contrast Freud's theory of personality with that of the humanists' theory of personality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Contrast Freud's theory of personality with that...

Question 14

Conflicts over toilet training, and other attempts by a two-year-old to exert control over his or her environment, are most evident during the ________ stage of psychosexual development.

Accepted Answer

A) anal 
B) latency 
C) oral 
D) phallic

Question 15

Dr Longbottom is researching personality traits in pairs of identical twins. He believes that genetics play a large role in personality development. Which of the following traits is LEAST likely to support his position?

Accepted Answer

A) Anxiousness 
B) Traditionalism 
C) Impulse control 
D) Achievement orientation

Question 16

Stewie has developed strong feelings for his mother and views his father as a rival for her attention. However, he is afraid that his father will find out and interfere with these plans. Stewie is clearly immersed in the ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A) anal 
B) genital 
C) oral 
D) phallic

Question 17

Sexual impulses are submerged into the unconscious during the ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A) genital 
B) latency 
C) phallic 
D) anal

Question 18

Research into the memories of animals such as mice and rats suggests that they experience infantile amnesia. A psychoanalytic theorist might suggest that this is because these animals have repressed the memories of traumatic events, but the critical-thinking principle of ________ suggests that this is rather implausible assertion.

Accepted Answer

A) Occam's Razor 
B) replicability 
C) extraordinary claims 
D) correlation versus causation

Question 19

In the metaphor of the angel, the devil, and me, the angel is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) id 
B) ego 
C) superego 
D) unconscious

Question 20

Demonstrate that Walter Mischel is correct in his assertion that general personality traits are not accurate predictors of specific behaviours, while the trait theorists are also correct in their assertion that personality traits are accurate predictors of a person's behaviour. Use examples from your own life or a friend's life to support your position(s).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Demonstrate that Walter Mischel is correct in...

Exam 15: Personality