Question 1

Psychologist James Coyne has proposed that depression symptoms may be sustained by ________ problems; that is, people who are depressed seek excessive reassurance from others, and this causes them to dislike and reject the depressed individual. As a result, the depression can linger or worsen.

Accepted Answer

A) sociological 
B) neurological 
C) cognitive 
D) interpersonal

Question 2

According to the authors, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Gender differences in depression are found throughout all cultures. 
B) Gender differences in depression are not universal. 
C) Men are more likely than women to be diagnosed with depression. 
D) Men in the United States are more likely than women to be diagnosed with depression.

Question 3

Which of the following symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is most likely to diminish as children mature and reach adolescence?

Accepted Answer

A) Impulsivity 
B) Problems with peers 
C) High levels of physical activity 
D) Academic difficulties

Question 4

Tommy is a seven-year-old boy with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Which of the following would be inconsistent with this diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A) He has difficulty with language skills. 
B) He enjoys playing with his older brother. 
C) He isn't interested in playing with anything except his Tickle-Me-Elmo toy. 
D) He suffers from mental retardation.

Question 5

One symptom of schizophrenia is called a word ________, in which a person's verbalisations are so jumbled that they are virtually impossible to understand.

Accepted Answer

A) frenzy 
B) neologism 
C) clang 
D) salad

Question 6

John has made a career of stealing older people's retirement money by taking advantage of their trust and selling them phoney retirement investments. John explains that he has done nothing wrong-if these people were not so greedy, they would not be so eager to invest in his phoney schemes. In his mind, his victims got exactly what they deserved. John's behaviour and attitude are typical of someone with ________ personality disorder.

Accepted Answer

A) schizoid 
B) schizotypal 
C) histrionic 
D) antisocial

Question 7

Learning theorists argue that anxiety disorders are conditioned through the process of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) negative punishment 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) positive punishment 
D) positive reinforcement

Question 8

Unlike many other psychological disorders, manic episodes may be triggered by ________.

Accepted Answer

A) failures and rejection 
B) negative life events 
C) positive life events 
D) stressful life events

Question 9

Davis has such an intense, irrational fear of clowns that he cannot take his daughters to see the circus when it is in town. Davis would be most correctly diagnosed as suffering from ________.

Accepted Answer

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder 
B) panic disorder 
C) a phobia 
D) posttraumatic stress disorder

Question 10

Jaclyn has been suffering from hoarding disorder for many years. Her home has become a virtual storage facility for various junk, almost none of which has any value whatsoever. There is a terrible odour in her home and there is almost certainly very dangerous mold growing under her piles of garbage. Her home has become so overrun with "stuff" that there is only one tiny footpath that allows her to get from one room to another. This path, called a "________", is starting to disappear as she has to step on her own possessions to move around her own home.

Accepted Answer

A) horselane 
B) pigeontrack 
C) goat path 
D) mousehole

Question 11

Nick is admitted to a mental institution because he hears voices talking to him that no one else can hear, and he sees demons attacking him, though no one else can see anything near him. Nick's symptoms are known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A) delusions 
B) obsessions 
C) hallucinations 
D) compulsions

Question 12

While some have noted that the virus that causes "strep" may be at the root of the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), others have suggested that children with strep may be very uncomfortable, which worsens preexisting OCD symptoms. This different explanation for the relationship between strep and OCD is an important reminder of

Accepted Answer

A) falsifiability. 
B) ruling out rival hypotheses. 
C) replicability. 
D) extraordinary claims.

Question 13

The preponderance of the available data suggests that dissociative identity disorder is

Accepted Answer

A) based on one's expectancies and beliefs rather than a true disorder in many instances. 
B) an attempt to malinger symptoms to avoid imprisonment for one's crimes. 
C) unconscious and unresolved motivational conflicts from adolescence. 
D) the result of early childhood sexual abuse experiences.

Question 14

Darcy is sitting at her desk in her office one day when, without warning, her heart begins racing rapidly, she starts sweating profusely, and she is gripped with a terrifying fear that she is about to go crazy. She thinks she is having a heart attack. Nothing she is doing seems to have caused such an episode. Her symptoms most resemble ________.

Accepted Answer

A) a phobic disorder 
B) a panic attack 
C) posttraumatic stress 
D) a compulsion

Question 15

In class, a psychology lecturer states that learned helplessness causes persons to make attributions that are internally focused, global in nature, and stable. A student who demonstrates critical thinking would raise his or her hand and remind the professor that

Accepted Answer

A) correlation does not equal causation. 
B) extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. 
C) the research needs to still be replicated. 
D) such a claim is unfalsifiable.

Question 16

One suggested cause of bipolar disorder is an increase in brain structures related to emotions, including the amygdala. Additionally, some research has suggested that unusually high levels of norepinephrine activity are also responsible for the symptoms of this illness. On the contrary, it is possible that the illness causes these changes in brain areas and neurotransmitters. This uncertain direction of effect demonstrates which of the six principles mentioned in your chapter?

Accepted Answer

A) Extraordinary claims 
B) Correlation versus causation 
C) Occam's Razor 
D) Replicability

Question 17

A dissociative disorder characterised by a partial or complete loss of memory for personal information that is usually associated with a stressful or emotionally traumatic experience is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A) dissociative identity disorder 
B) depersonalisation disorder 
C) dissociative amnesia 
D) dissociative fugue

Question 18

Nicholas's therapist suggests that his inability to recall any specifics from the dozens of times he was sexually abused by his great-uncle results from a second personality that is protecting him. After being hypnotised, a personality called "Biff" emerges that Nicholas is unaware of. This finding is most consistent with the ________ explanation of dissociative identity disorder.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nicholas's therapist suggests that his inability to...

Question 19

According to cognitive theorists such as Aaron Beck, some people's depression is the result of negative ________ about the self or one's abilities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to cognitive theorists such as Aaron...

Question 20

You are a psychologist who is evaluating the behaviour of a new client. The client tells you that he does not like to wear clothing and that he walks around nude most of the time. In addition, he tells you that he lives in a society in which clothing is required and nudity is seen as abnormal. Which of the following is not a criterion by which you evaluate your client's behaviour as abnormal?

Accepted Answer

A) Statistical rarity 
B) Impairment 
C) Subjective distress 
D) Societal disapproval

Exam 16: Psychological Disorders