Question 1

During single-rescuer CPR applied to infants or children, what is the proper ratio of compressions to ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A) 30 compressions for every breath 
B) 5 compressions for every two breaths 
C) 30 compressions for every two breaths 
D) 5 compressions for every breath

Question 2

How long will the apneic patient take to die without intervention?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 minute 
B) 3 to 5 minutes 
C) 4 to 6 minutes 
D) 10 to 20 minutes

Question 3

You enter a man's room and find him collapsed on the floor in a prone position. He is totally unresponsive, and there is no breathing. To properly institute procedures to secure his airway, what must you do first?

Accepted Answer

A) Employ the log-roll technique to obtain a proper position. 
B) Try to lift the patient and place him back on the bed. 
C) Go to the nursing station and get an oral intubation tray. 
D) Wait for the crash cart and cardiac arrest team to arrive.

Question 4

During properly performed external chest compression on children under 8 years old or on large toddlers, how much should the sternum be compressed?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.5 to 1.0 inch 
B) 1.0 to 1.5 inches 
C) 1.5 to 2.0 inches 
D) 2.0 to 2.5 inches

Question 5

What is the preferred method of securing a patent airway during CPR?

Accepted Answer

A) oropharyngeal airway 
B) endotracheal tube 
C) tracheostomy tube 
D) nasopharyngeal airway

Question 6

After confirming respiratory arrest and securing the airway in a 1-year-old infant, at which of the following rates would you provide rescue breathing?

Accepted Answer

A) 12 to 20 breaths/min 
B) 20 to 30 breaths/min 
C) 30 to 40 breaths/min 
D) 40 to 60 breaths/min

Question 7

Most sudden deaths of cardiac origin are due to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) cardiac tamponade 
B) ventricular aneurysm 
C) mitral stenosis 
D) cardiac arrhythmias

Question 8

How would you estimate the appropriate length for a nasopharyngeal airway?

Accepted Answer

A) Subtract twice the diameter of the tube from its length. 
B) Measure the distance from the earlobe to the Adam's apple. 
C) Apply the estimating formula: length (cm) = 15 + (age ÷ 2). 
D) Measure the distance from the earlobe to the tip of the nose.

Question 9

What complications are associated with external chest compressions?
I.worsening of neck or spine injuries
II.gastric insufflation
III.vomiting
IV.trauma to internal organs

Accepted Answer

A) II and IV 
B) I, II, and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, III, and IV

Question 10

What is the recommended upper time limit for any intubation attempt performed during CPR?

Accepted Answer

A) 10 seconds 
B) 30 seconds 
C) 60 seconds 
D) 90 seconds

Question 11

On inspection of a electrocardiographic rhythm strip, you note the following occurring in sustained "bursts" over 2 to 3 minutes: a rate of 195; regular rhythm; P waves and PR intervals not easily discernible; normal QRS complexes (a few are widened). What is most likely the problem?

Accepted Answer

A) ventricular tachycardia 
B) premature ventricular contractions 
C) atrial fibrillation 
D) supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)

Question 12

What is the most common cause of airway obstruction in unconscious patients?

Accepted Answer

A) foreign body lodged in the upper airway 
B) oral or nasal secretions blocking the pharynx 
C) tongue falling back into the pharynx 
D) severe spasm of the laryngeal musculature

Question 13

During two-person CPR applied to an adult, what is the proper ratio of compressions to ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A) 5 compressions for every two breaths 
B) 30 compressions for every breath 
C) 5 compressions for every breath 
D) 30 compressions for every two breaths

Question 14

To help open the airway of a conscious adult with complete airway obstruction, what would you do?

Accepted Answer

A) Apply back blows, followed by chest thrusts. 
B) Try to ventilate the victim at a high rate. 
C) Decompress the stomach with epigastric pressure. 
D) Apply repeated strong abdominal thrusts.

Question 15

Which of the following arteries should be palpated in pulseless adults and children older than 1 year of age?

Accepted Answer

A) brachial 
B) radial 
C) carotid 
D) femoral

Question 16

During an attempt to insert a nasopharyngeal airway in a patient, you encounter an obstruction to further movement. What is the most appropriate action at this time?

Accepted Answer

A) Use a stylet to force the nasopharyngeal airway in place. 
B) Attempt to pass the airway through the opposite naris. 
C) Use a tongue depressor to push the airway posteriorly. 
D) Use Magill forceps to help guide the airway in place.

Question 17

Which of the following drugs can be administered through an endotracheal tube during emergency life support?
I.lidocaine HCl
II.atropine sulfate
III.epinephrine HCl
IV.dopamine HCl

Accepted Answer

A) II and IV 
B) I, III, and IV 
C) I, II, and III 
D) II and III

Question 18

If a patient has a pulse but is not breathing, ventilation must be started immediately at what rate?

Accepted Answer

A) 5 to 6 breaths/min 
B) 10 to 12 breaths/min 
C) 6 to 8 breaths/min 
D) 8 to 10 breaths/min

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the position of a correctly sized and properly inserted oropharyngeal airway?

Accepted Answer

A) distal tip at the base of tongue, flange inside anterior teeth 
B) distal tip at level of uvula, flange extending outside the teeth 
C) distal tip at the base of tongue, flange outside the teeth 
D) distal below the epiglottis, flange extending outside the teeth

Question 20

For chest compressions to be effective, in what position must the patient be placed?

Accepted Answer

A) horizontal prone, on a firm surface 
B) horizontal supine, on a firm surface 
C) horizontal supine, on a soft surface 
D) sitting, with the neck fully extended

Exam 34: Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support