Question 1

How is the diversity of psychology limited in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  Racial and ethnic minorities are underrepresented among psychologists. 
B)  The majority of psychologists are male. 
C)  Psychologists in the United States far outnumber those in all other countries combined. 
D)  Most research is conducted outside the United States.

Question 2

A team of researchers conduct an experiment to test the effectiveness of a new drug in treating anxiety disorders.The participants in the control group receive sugar pills without active ingredients,while those in the experimental group receive the new,anti-anxiety drug.In this example,the researchers use:

Accepted Answer

A)  a double-blind procedure. 
B)  a correlation coefficient. 
C)  a placebo. 
D)  a single-blind procedure.

Question 3

Which of the following locations is associated with the formal beginning of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  China 
B)  Germany 
C)  Spain 
D)  England

Question 4

Amy is conducting a survey of dating attitudes and behaviors among young adults as part of her masters' thesis work.Amy distributes questionnaires to 200 randomly selected students enrolled in an introductory psychology course at her university.The 200 students constitute Amy's _____.The people whom she assumes her results will generalize are termed the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  control group;population 
B)  experimental group;population 
C)  population;sample 
D)  sample;population

Question 5

_____ believed that children were born into the world with minds like "blank slates" and that their experiences determined what kind of adults they would become.

Accepted Answer

A)  Locke 
B)  Plato 
C)  Wundt 
D)  Descartes

Question 6

_____ is an in-depth,intensive investigation of an individual or small group of people.

Accepted Answer

A)  Archival research 
B)  Survey research 
C)  Naturalistic observation 
D)  Case study

Question 7

Define the terms replicated research and meta-analysis.Identify the role of replicated research and meta-analysis in hypothesis testing and theory building.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the terms replicated research and meta-analysis.Identify...

Question 8

When cues are transmitted to participants about how they are expected to behave in particular experimental conditions,the research results may reflect _____ expectations.When people develop their own ideas about the topic of the research,the investigation's outcomes may be biased by _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  experimenter;participant expectations 
B)  experimenter;experimenter expectations 
C)  participant;participant expectations 
D)  participant;experimenter expectations

Question 9

Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest relationship between two variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  -.75 
B)  +.60 
C)  .00 
D)  +.30

Question 10

How is it that the experimental method allows researchers to draw cause-and-effect conclusions? Identify the critical elements of the experimental method and explain how each helps enable the development of valid causal conclusions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How is it that the experimental method...

Question 11

Counseling psychologists are more likely than clinical psychologists to practice in:

Accepted Answer

A)  hospitals. 
B)  laboratories. 
C)  offices. 
D)  colleges.

Question 12

_____ is defined as the systematic inquiry aimed at the discovery of new knowledge.

Accepted Answer

A)  Theory 
B)  Critical thinking 
C)  Coherent observation 
D)  Research

Question 13

Which perspective below is CORRECTLY matched with its description?

Accepted Answer

A)  Structuralism;emphasized what the mind does 
B)  Functionalism;emphasized the elements of mental experience 
C)  Humanism;emphasized the unconscious determinants of behavior 
D)  Gestalt psychology;emphasized the organization of perception

Question 14

Factors that distort the way the independent variable affects the dependent variable are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  double-blinds. 
B)  placebo effects. 
C)  experimental bias. 
D)  participant bias.

Question 15

The text describes the role of psychology in addressing such current social concerns as a)the fallibility of eyewitness memory;b)economic recession;c)obesity;and d)terrorism.Select two of these issues and describe how psychologists in several different subfields might approach them.In your answer,make explicit reference to at least three of the following subfields: cognitive psychology,social psychology,personality psychology,and cross-cultural psychology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The text describes the role of psychology...

Question 16

Which of the following sequences correctly arranges the steps in the scientific method from first to last?

Accepted Answer

A)  Identify problem → formulate explanation → carry out research → communicate findings 
B)  Carry out research → formulate explanation → identify problem → communicate findings 
C)  Identify problem → carry out research → formulate explanation → communicate findings 
D)  Carry out research → identify problem → formulate explanation → communicate findings

Question 17

Before the outset of a study,participants must give _____,indicating that they know the potential risks of the study and are aware that their participation is voluntary.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Before the outset of a study,participants must...

Question 18

To many people who have never taken a psychology course,psychology begins and ends with the _____ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A)  neuroscience 
B)  behavioral 
C)  cognitive 
D)  psychodynamic

Question 19

Irving has noticed a pattern: The more alcohol people drink,the more aggressive they seem to be.Which research method is aimed at verifying a relationship between two variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  Naturalistic observation 
B)  Case study 
C)  Correlational research 
D)  Archival research

Question 20

Prediction is to explanation what _____ is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothesis;theory 
B)  theory;hypothesis 
C)  variable;supposition 
D)  hypothesis;variable

Exam 1: Introduction to Psychology