Question 1

Which of the following is true about sequential research?

Accepted Answer

A)   It combines cross-sectional and longitudinal research.
B)   It only assesses change in behavior over time,but does not assess differences among groups of people.
C)   It only assesses differences among groups of people,but does not assess change in behavior over time.
D)   The limitation of this technique is that it does not allow developmental psychologists to tease out the specific effects of age changes from other possible influential factors. A

Question 2

Two children are participating in a memory research: Heather,a preschooler,and Illeana,a sixth-grader.When the children fail a recall task,the researcher asks each child what she might do to succeed at the task the next time.Heather suggests that she would simply try again;Illeana proposes that she might try to write the items down.The difference in the girls' responses most clearly illustrates an increase in _____ during childhood.

Accepted Answer

A)   memory capacity
B)   metacognitive ability
C)   operational thinking
D)   proximal development B

Question 3

Which genetic or chromosomal abnormality below is CORRECTLY matched with its description?

Accepted Answer

A)   Phenylketonuria-the child cannot produce a critical enzyme,resulting in an accumulation of poisons,in turn causing mental retardation
B)   Tay-Sachs disease-a genetic disease producing abnormal red blood cells
C)   Down syndrome-a neurodegenerative disorder;the brain tissues of the cortex degenerates resulting in the death of the child
D)   Sickle-cell anemia-the child receives an extra chromosome;mental retardation results A

Question 4

The one-celled entity formed by the union of an egg and sperm is called a:

Accepted Answer

A)   cyst.
B)   fetus.
C)   zygote.
D)   neonate.

Question 5

Under the skillful guidance of her English teacher,Daisy gains a deeper understanding of Shakespeare's plays than she could have developed on her own.Vygotsky used the term _____ to refer to the type of assistance Daisy's teacher is providing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Under the skillful guidance of her English...

Question 6

A researcher raises a sample of unrelated macaque monkeys in identical laboratory environments.He finds large differences among these monkeys in their preference for novel visual stimuli.What might the researcher legitimately conclude concerning the relative contributions of nature and nurture to the preference for visual novelty?

Accepted Answer

A)   Nurture has a major influence on the monkeys' preference for visual novelty.
B)   Nature contributes substantially to the monkeys' preference for visual novelty.
C)   Nurture has a greater influence on the monkeys' preference for visual novelty as compared to nature.
D)   The preference for visual novelty reflects that the monkeys' were not affected by their genetic makeup.

Question 7

According to Erikson,people enter the generativity-versus-stagnation stage during _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   adolescence
B)   childhood
C)   middle adulthood
D)   old age

Question 8

Select either (a)Baumrind's four parenting styles or (b)the four Eriksonian stages of psychosocial development occurring during childhood.Name each style or stage and provide a brief vignette or "case study" of a child exhibiting each style or stage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Select either (a)Baumrind's four parenting styles or...

Question 9

The primary criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development is:

Accepted Answer

A)   its potential lack of generality across cultures.
B)   its focus on moral behavior rather than moral reasoning.
C)   that it pertains to moral behavior rather than moral judgments.
D)   it defines moral behavior largely in terms of concrete principles.

Question 10

Twelve-year-old Nathaniel was facing trouble solving the word problems in his math homework.However,when his dad helped him by reading the problems aloud and emphasizing the important information,Nathaniel could solve all the problems correctly.This interaction illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)   Piaget's concept of conservation
B)   Erikson's concept of industry versus inferiority
C)   Piaget's concept of concrete operational thought
D)   Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development

Question 11

From the late teens into the mid-20s,individuals are in a transitional phase that developmental psychologists call _____ adulthood.

Accepted Answer

A)   emerging
B)   beginning
C)   developing
D)   launching

Question 12

Approximately _____ of American children are likely to experience the breakup of their parents' marriage.

Accepted Answer

A)   one-quarter
B)   one-third
C)   two-fifths
D)   one-half

Question 13

"Age-related declines in memory and cognition are largely a matter of nature."
"Age-related declines in memory and cognition are largely a matter of nurture."
Support either of these propositions and provide strong evidence in support of your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of "Age-related declines in memory and cognition are...

Question 14

As compared to Piaget,Vygotsky placed _____ emphasis on the _____ bases of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

A)   less;social
B)   less;linguistic
C)   more;social
D)   more;perceptual

Question 15

Discuss how the sequential research method helps researchers in overcoming the drawbacks associated with the cross-sectional and longitudinal research designs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss how the sequential research method helps...

Question 16

Elaborate on the different stages of development that a fertilized egg undergoes to become a fully developed baby.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Elaborate on the different stages of development...

Question 17

As compared to children in two-parent families,children in single-parent families are:

Accepted Answer

A)   never well-adjusted.
B)   more likely to be poor.
C)   more likely to develop close relations.
D)   less likely to have trust issues.

Question 18

At first,the buzzing sound of your new alarm clock woke you up reliably;now,though,you always sleep through the sound.This decrease in the response to the sound of the alarm clock due to repeated exposure to it is referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of At first,the buzzing sound of your new...

Question 19

A normal fertilized egg,or zygote,contains _____ pairs of chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

A)   46
B)   21
C)   23
D)   2

Question 20

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the degree of cognitive sophistication among children in Piaget's preoperational stage of development?

Accepted Answer

A)   They do not understand that objects exist even when they are not visible.
B)   They can describe people,events,and feelings.
C)   They master the principle of conservation.
D)   They are capable of abstract,hypothetical thought.

Exam 9: Intelligence