Question 1

In drug research,a(n)_____ has occurred when it is unclear whether improvement is due to properties of the drug or the expectation about the effect of the drug.

Accepted Answer

A)  order effect 
B)  placebo effect 
C)  ceiling effect 
D)  demand characteristic

Question 2

Without informing them,a researcher assigns participants to either an experimental or a placebo group.The researcher's assistants who test the participants do not know who belongs in which group.The experiment has used a

Accepted Answer

A)  single-blind technique. 
B)  double-blind technique. 
C)  strong experimental manipulation. 
D)  behavioural measure.

Question 3

A psychologist is interested in the effect of physical attractiveness on ratings of punishment assigned to a driver in an automobile accident.Participants read an account of the accident and received a written description of a physically attractive or unattractive defendant.The manipulation of attractiveness would be an example of a _____ manipulation.

Accepted Answer

A)  staged 
B)  straightforward 
C)  conjunctive 
D)  dependent

Question 4

The galvanic skin response (GSR)is used as a measure of

Accepted Answer

A)  brain activity. 
B)  anxiety. 
C)  muscle tension. 
D)  body temperature.

Question 5

A researcher who measures the speed of helping in an emergency is using a ________ measure.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-report 
B)  physiological 
C)  behavioural 
D)  reactive

Question 6

An important reason NOT to use the strongest manipulation possible is that it may

Accepted Answer

A)  result in nonsignificant findings. 
B)  cause a ceiling effect. 
C)  create a situation grossly different from a real world situation. 
D)  invalidate previous research already published in scientific journals.

Question 7

In general,staged manipulations are _____ than straightforward manipulations.

Accepted Answer

A)  less costly 
B)  more costly 
C)  weaker 
D)  stronger

Question 8

Strong manipulations are used to ________ the effect of the ________ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  minimize;independent 
B)  maximize;independent 
C)  minimize;dependent 
D)  maximize;dependent

Question 9

The electromyogram (EMG)is used as a measure of

Accepted Answer

A)  brain activity. 
B)  muscle tension. 
C)  sweating. 
D)  learning ability.

Question 10

The electroencephalogram (EEG)is used as a measure of

Accepted Answer

A)  brain activity. 
B)  muscle tension. 
C)  anxiety. 
D)  sexual arousal.

Question 11

Participants consume 8,16,24,or 32 ounces of alcohol and are then asked to recite the alphabet as quickly as possible.The amount of time it takes the participant to correctly recite the alphabet would be an example of a _____ measure.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-report 
B)  physiological 
C)  reactive 
D)  behavioural

Question 12

A(n)_____ provides evidence to indicate what brain processes are involved while an individual works on a cognitive task.

Accepted Answer

A)  MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) 
B)  ECG (electrocardiogram) 
C)  fMRI (functional MRI) 
D)  EMG (electromyogram)

Question 13

After the data have been collected,the researcher tells participants the purpose of the study,the results expected,and the practical implications of the research.This process is referred to as a

Accepted Answer

A)  manipulation check. 
B)  pilot study. 
C)  demand characteristic. 
D)  debriefing.

Question 14

Which one of the following is a common reason for using a staged manipulation? The researcher desires to

Accepted Answer

A)  avoid order effects. 
B)  incorporate practice effects into the study. 
C)  eliminate demand characteristics. 
D)  simulate a real-world situation.

Question 15

A manipulation check is especially important in studies

Accepted Answer

A)  using double-blind procedures. 
B)  when nonsignificant results are obtained. 
C)  using independent groups. 
D)  where demand characteristics are minimal.

Question 16

A researcher presents his dog with a bowl of normal dog food and a bowl of vitamin enriched dog food.He then records the amount of each type of food the dog consumes as a measure of his dog's food preference.What kind of measure has the researcher used?

Accepted Answer

A)  Behavioural 
B)  Self-report 
C)  Physiological 
D)  Reactive

Question 17

Professor Smith surveys her students in order to examine their preference for an individual or a group research project.The responses Professor Smith collects would be an example of what type of measures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Behavioural 
B)  Self-report 
C)  Physiological 
D)  Event

Question 18

In an experimental study on gender bias in hiring,after being presented with the stimulus materials,participants were able to determine the purpose of the study.This problem is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  experimenter expectancy. 
B)  a floor effect. 
C)  deception. 
D)  a demand characteristic.

Exam 9: Conducting Studies

In drug research,a(n) _____ has occurred when it is unclear whether improvement is due to properties of the drug or the expectation about the effect of the drug.

Without informing them,a researcher assigns participants to either an experimental or a placebo group.The researcher's assistants who test the participants do not know who belongs in which group.The experiment has used a

The galvanic skin response (GSR) is used as a measure of