Question 1

A patient will begin taking amoxicillin.The nurse should instruct the patient to avoid which foods?

Accepted Answer

A)  Green leafy vegetables 
B)  Beef and other red meat 
C)  Coffee, tea, and colas 
D)  Acidic fruits and juices

Question 2

A patient who is taking trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)calls to report developing an all-over rash.The nurse will instruct the patient to perform which action?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase fluid intake. 
B)  Take diphenhydramine. 
C)  Stop taking TMP-SMX immediately. 
D)  Continue taking the medication.

Question 3

A child who weighs 10 kg will begin taking oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX).The liquid preparation contains 40 mg of TMP and 200 mg of SMX per 5 mL.The nurse determines that the child's dose should be 8 mg of TMP and 40 mg of SMX/kg/day divided into two doses.Which order for this child is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  5 mL PO BID 
B)  5 mL PO daily 
C)  10 mL PO BID 
D)  10 mL PO daily

Question 4

The nurse caring for a patient who will receive penicillin to treat an infection asks the patient about previous drug reactions.The patient reports having had a rash when taking amoxicillin (Amoxil).The nurse will contact the provider to

Accepted Answer

A)  discuss giving a smaller dose of penicillin. 
B)  discuss using erythromycin (E-Mycin) instead of penicillin. 
C)  request an order for diphenhydramine (Benadryl). 
D)  suggest that the patient receive cefuroxime (Ceftin).

Question 5

A patient who will begin taking trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP--SMX)asks the nurse why the combination drug is necessary.The nurse will explain that the combination is used to

Accepted Answer

A)  broaden the antibacterial spectrum. 
B)  decrease bacterial resistance. 
C)  improve the taste. 
D)  minimize toxic effects.

Question 6

The nurse is providing teaching to a patient who will begin taking a cephalosporin to treat an infection.Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I may stop taking the medication if my symptoms clear up." 
B)  "I should eat yogurt while taking this medication." 
C)  "I should stop taking the drug and call my provider if I develop a rash." 
D)  "I will not consume alcohol while taking this medication."

Question 7

The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving an intravenous antibiotic.The nurse notes that the provider has ordered serum drug peak and trough levels.The nurse understands that these tests are necessary for which type of drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Drugs with a broad spectrum 
B)  Drugs with a narrow spectrum 
C)  Drugs with a broad therapeutic index 
D)  Drugs with a narrow therapeutic index

Question 8

A patient is diagnosed with mycoplasma pneumonia.Which antibiotic will the nurse expect the provider to order to treat this infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Azithromycin (Zithromax) 
B)  Clarithromycin (Biaxin) 
C)  Erythromycin (E-Mycin) 
D)  Fidaxomicin (Dificid)

Question 9

The nurse assumes care for a patient who is currently receiving a dose of intravenous vancomycin (Vancocin)infusing at 20 mg/min.The nurse notes red blotches on the patient's face,neck,and chest and assesses a blood pressure of 80/55 mm Hg.Which action will the nurse take?

Accepted Answer

A)  Request an order for IV epinephrine to treat anaphylactic shock. 
B)  Slow the infusion to 10 mg/min and observe the patient closely. 
C)  Stop the infusion and obtain an order for a BUN and serum creatinine. 
D)  Suspect Stevens-Johnson syndrome and notify the provider immediately.

Question 10

The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving a high dose of tetracycline (Sumycin).Which laboratory values will the nurse expect to monitor while caring for this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels 
B)  Complete blood counts 
C)  Electrolytes 
D)  Liver enzyme levels

Question 11

The nurse is preparing to administer clarithromycin to a patient.When performing a medication history,the nurse learns that the patient takes warfarin to treat atrial fibrillation.The nurse will perform which action?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ask the provider if azithromycin may be used instead of clarithromycin. 
B)  Obtain an order for continuous cardiovascular monitoring. 
C)  Request an order for periodic serum warfarin levels. 
D)  Withhold the clarithromycin and notify the provider.

Question 12

The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving a high dose of intravenous azithromycin to treat an infection.The patient is also taking acetaminophen for pain.The nurse should expect to review which lab values when monitoring for this drug's side effects?

Accepted Answer

A)  Complete blood counts 
B)  Electrolytes 
C)  Liver enzymes 
D)  Urinalysis

Question 13

The nurse is preparing to administer the first dose of an antibiotic to a patient admitted for a urinary tract infection.Which action is most important prior to administering the antibiotic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Administering a small test dose to determine whether hypersensitivity exists 
B)  Having epinephrine available in the event of a severe hypersensitivity reaction 
C)  Monitoring baseline vital signs, including temperature and blood pressure 
D)  Obtaining a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity

Question 14

The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving sulfadiazine.The nurse knows that this patient's daily fluid intake should be at least which amount?

Accepted Answer

A)  1000 mL/day 
B)  1200 mL/day 
C)  2000 mL/day 
D)  2400 mL/day

Question 15

The nurse is caring for a patient who has recurrent urinary tract infections.The patient's current infection is not responding to an antibiotic that has been used successfully several times in the past.The nurse understands that this is most likely due to

Accepted Answer

A)  acquired bacterial resistance. 
B)  cross-resistance. 
C)  inherent bacterial resistance. 
D)  transferred resistance.

Question 16

The nurse is preparing to give a dose of a cephalosporin medication to a patient who has been receiving the antibiotic for 2 weeks.The nurse notes ulcers on the patient's tongue and buccal mucosa.Which action will the nurse take?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hold the drug and notify the provider. 
B)  Obtain an order to culture the oral lesions. 
C)  Gather emergency equipment to prepare for anaphylaxis. 
D)  Report a possible superinfection side effect of the cephalosporin.

Question 17

The nurse is teaching a patient who will be discharged home from the hospital to take amoxicillin (Amoxil)twice daily for 10 days.Which statement by the nurse is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Discontinue the antibiotic when your temperature returns to normal and your symptoms have improved." 
B)  "If diarrhea occurs, stop taking the drug immediately and contact your provider." 
C)  "Stop taking the drug and notify your provider if you develop a rash while taking this drug." 
D)  "You may save any unused antibiotic to use if your symptoms recur."

Question 18

The nurse is providing discharge teaching for a patient who will receive oral levofloxacin (Levaquin)to treat pneumonia.The patient takes an oral hypoglycemic medication and uses over-the-counter (OTC)antacids to treat occasional heartburn.The patient reports frequent arthritis pain and takes acetaminophen when needed.Which statement by the nurse is correct when teaching this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  "You may take antacids with levofloxacin to decrease gastrointestinal upset." 
B)  "You may take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) for arthritis pain." 
C)  "You should monitor your serum glucose more closely while taking levofloxacin." 
D)  "You should take levofloxacin on an empty stomach to improve absorption."

Question 19

Which is a characteristic that distinguishes sulfonamides from other drugs used to treat bacterial infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sulfonamides are bactericidal. 
B)  Sulfonamides are not derived from biologic substances. 
C)  Sulfonamides have antifungal and antiviral properties. 
D)  Sulfonamides increase bacterial synthesis of folic acid.

Question 20

A female patient will receive doxycycline to treat a sexually transmitted illness (STI).What information will the nurse include when teaching this patient about this medication?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nausea and vomiting are uncommon adverse effects. 
B)  The drug may cause possible teratogenic effects. 
C)  Increase intake of dairy products with each dose of this medication. 
D)  Use a back-up method of contraception if taking oral contraceptives.

Exam 26: Antibacterials

A patient will begin taking amoxicillin.The nurse should instruct the patient to avoid which foods?

A patient who is taking trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) calls to report developing an all-over rash.The nurse will instruct the patient to perform which action?

The nurse caring for a patient who will receive penicillin to treat an infection asks the patient about previous drug reactions.The patient reports having had a rash when taking amoxicillin (Amoxil) .The nurse will contact the provider to

A patient who will begin taking trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP--SMX) asks the nurse why the combination drug is necessary.The nurse will explain that the combination is used to