Question 1

Because of the low pressure and flow rates,the blood in veins may spontaneously clot,as shown below.If the blood clot were to break free it could move to the lungs,causing the life-threatening condition known as ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Because of the low pressure and flow...

Question 2

In the figure below,the arrow is pointing to the

Accepted Answer

A)  bronchus. 
B)  trachea. 
C)  diaphragm. 
D)  larynx.

Question 3

Which statement accurately describes the pathway an oxygen molecule follows as it moves through the lung to the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  It travels from an alveolus to a bronchiole to a capillary to a red blood cell to hemoglobin. 
B)  It travels from a bronchiole to an alveolus to a capillary to hemoglobin to a red blood cell. 
C)  It travels from a bronchiole to an alveolus to a capillary to a red blood cell to hemoglobin. 
D)  It travels from a bronchiole to an alveolus to a red blood cell to a capillary to hemoglobin.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the surface area available for gas exchange is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  When standardized for body mass all organisms are approximately equal. 
B)  Internal partitioning of a lung reduces its volume and makes gas exchange less efficient. 
C)  The surface area is positively correlated with the level of metabolic activity. 
D)  Since active mammals have a higher respiration rate,the area available for gas exchange can be smaller than that of less active mammals with lower respiration rates.

Question 5

Since the body is so much larger that the lungs,the volume of blood pumped into the systemic circuit is substantially greater than that pumped into the pulmonary circuit.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Numerous body systems deal with the various physiological issues that living organisms face;the internal transport of oxygen,carbon dioxide,nutrients,hormones,and dissolved wastes is the responsibility of the ________ system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Numerous body systems deal with the various...

Question 7

The figure below illustrates distance and diffusion time;note that the time required is NOT directly proportional to the distance.Why,for the insect and mouse,might an increase in distance of 20-fold require an increase in time of 60-fold?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxygen reacts chemically as it diffuses,becoming less diffusible as it travels greater distances. 
B)  Larger animals are warmer than small animals;the rate of diffusion is dependent,in part,on the temperature. 
C)  As oxygen disperses into a large area,its concentration declines;the rate of diffusion is dependent,in part,on the difference in concentration between two locations. 
D)  Organisms are able to manipulate the rate of diffusion so that the delivery of oxygen matches their metabolic activity levels.

Question 8

The rate of diffusion declines with increasing distance because the concentration gradient becomes progressively smaller.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Bubbles slowly form in a glass of cold water as it warms because the solubility of dissolved gases is inversely proportional to the ________ of a solution.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bubbles slowly form in a glass of...

Question 10

It's very rare for two sets of capillaries to occur in sequence;what physiological challenge could occur in such a situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  All the pressure that maintains blood flow would be depleted in the first capillary set. 
B)  Blood arriving at a capillary with a low oxygen concentration would pull oxygen from the cells rather than deliver it. 
C)  Signaling molecules (a hormone,for example)would be removed at the first capillary;the more distant cells could not be regulated. 
D)  The combined production of carbon dioxide from twice as many cells would irreparably damage the red blood cell.

Question 11

Inhaled air passes through a number of organs on its way to the alveoli;into which organ does it enter immediately after leaving the nasal cavity?

Accepted Answer

A)  the bronchi 
B)  the alveoli 
C)  the lung 
D)  the pharynx

Question 12

In addition to ethical consideration,artificially increasing the quantity of red blood cells is dangerous;some athletes have suffered ________ after taking drugs like EPO.

Accepted Answer

A)  nausea,vomiting,and dehydration 
B)  difficulty perspiring and subsequent heatstroke 
C)  decreased muscle mass 
D)  high blood pressure,caused by extra blood cells,and heart attack or blood vessel rupture

Question 13

Erythropoietin (EPO),which is made by the kidneys,is involved in the production of white blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Red blood cells are produced in the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Red blood cells are produced in the...

Question 15

Where is hemoglobin expected to release oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A)  inside an alveolus 
B)  near red blood cells that are undergoing cellular respiration 
C)  at the terminal ends of bronchioles 
D)  near body cells that are undergoing cellular respiration

Question 16

When blood flowing in a pulmonary capillary first arrives at an alveolus,the concentration of

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen will be lower in the alveolus than in the blood plasma. 
B)  carbon dioxide will be greater in the alveolus than in the blood plasma. 
C)  carbon dioxide will be greater in the blood plasma than in the alveolus. 
D)  carbon dioxide in the blood plasma will be approximately equal to its concentration in the alveolus.

Question 17

Hemoglobin

Accepted Answer

A)  is an enzyme involved in the process of cellular respiration. 
B)  transports oxygen from cells undergoing cellular respiration to red blood cells. 
C)  binds to oxygen and releases it near cells performing cellular respiration. 
D)  makes the blood more acidic,enabling it to absorb more oxygen.

Question 18

The rate of gas diffusion when the surface area is ________ will be greater than when the surface area is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The rate of gas diffusion when the...

Question 19

Average human lung capacity is 6 L,but a typical breath is only about 400 ml;inhaled air only directly reaches the bronchi.How does the oxygen get from the bronchi to the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

A)  It's transported by the blood in the bronchi and delivered to the alveoli. 
B)  The next inhalation moves it a little closer-by the ninth or tenth inhalation it has reached the alveoli. 
C)  It diffuses down the bronchioles because its concentration in the alveoli is low. 
D)  Oxygen molecules are relatively heavy;they simply flow under the influence of gravity down into the alveoli.

Question 20

Hemoglobin,like many other oxygen-binding pigments,contains the metallic element ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hemoglobin,like many other oxygen-binding pigments,contains the metallic...

Exam 28: Circulation and Gas Exchange

Because of the low pressure and flow rates,the blood in veins may spontaneously clot,as shown below.If the blood clot were to break free it could move to the lungs,causing the life-threatening condition known as ________.

In the figure below,the arrow is pointing to the

Which statement accurately describes the pathway an oxygen molecule follows as it moves through the lung to the blood?

Which of the following statements about the surface area available for gas exchange is true?

Since the body is so much larger that the lungs,the volume of blood pumped into the systemic circuit is substantially greater than that pumped into the pulmonary circuit.

Numerous body systems deal with the various physiological issues that living organisms face;the internal transport of oxygen,carbon dioxide,nutrients,hormones,and dissolved wastes is the responsibility of the ________ system.

The figure below illustrates distance and diffusion time;note that the time required is NOT directly proportional to the distance.Why,for the insect and mouse,might an increase in distance of 20-fold require an increase in time of 60-fold?

The rate of diffusion declines with increasing distance because the concentration gradient becomes progressively smaller.

Bubbles slowly form in a glass of cold water as it warms because the solubility of dissolved gases is inversely proportional to the ________ of a solution.

It's very rare for two sets of capillaries to occur in sequence;what physiological challenge could occur in such a situation?

Inhaled air passes through a number of organs on its way to the alveoli;into which organ does it enter immediately after leaving the nasal cavity?

In addition to ethical consideration,artificially increasing the quantity of red blood cells is dangerous;some athletes have suffered ________ after taking drugs like EPO.

Erythropoietin (EPO),which is made by the kidneys,is involved in the production of white blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body.

Red blood cells are produced in the ________.

Where is hemoglobin expected to release oxygen?

When blood flowing in a pulmonary capillary first arrives at an alveolus,the concentration of

Hemoglobin

The rate of gas diffusion when the surface area is will be greater than when the surface area is .

Average human lung capacity is 6 L,but a typical breath is only about 400 ml;inhaled air only directly reaches the bronchi.How does the oxygen get from the bronchi to the alveoli?

Hemoglobin,like many other oxygen-binding pigments,contains the metallic element ________.