Question 1

When red blood cells move through capillaries in single file,the contact area between the two membranes increases and diffusion is improved.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

In what way,if any,is the cardiovascular system of humans important to the process of gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has no importance;gas exchange is a function of the respiratory system. 
B)  It forms a passageway that allows air to be taken into the lungs. 
C)  It increases the area available for gas exchange. 
D)  It transports oxygen to cells that are not in direct contact with air.

Question 3

The lungs of organism A and organism B have surface areas of 1 cm² and 0.5 cm² per kg body weight,respectively.It would be a reasonable hypothesis that the more metabolically active organism is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The lungs of organism A and organism...

Question 4

At altitudes above 10,000 feet the thinner air and reduced concentration of atmospheric gases begin to have an effect on many individuals,who may feel light-headed or nauseated because

Accepted Answer

A)  the low pressure of the inhaled air is insufficient to fully expand the lungs. 
B)  the amount of hemoglobin in the blood naturally declines at higher altitude. 
C)  hemoglobin becomes denatured at higher altitudes and cannot effectively bind to oxygen. 
D)  the diffusion gradient between the atmosphere and blood plasma is so low the blood is unable to become fully oxygenated.

Question 5

During the standard cardiac cycle,blood passes through four different valves.Some newborns suffer from a structural defect that forms an open passage between the atria;what valves would be bypassed in this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  the left atrium/ventricle valve and the right ventricle/artery valve 
B)  the left atrium/ventricle valve and the left ventricle/artery valve 
C)  the right atrium/ventricle valve and the right ventricle/artery valve 
D)  the right atrium/ventricle valve and the left ventricle/artery valve

Question 6

How does an actively respiring mitochondrion gain the oxygen it needs to continue its metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxygenated hemoglobin crosses the cell membrane,docks to receptors on the mitochondrion's surface,and delivers its oxygen. 
B)  Cells have internal pigment molecules that collect the oxygen released by hemoglobin and transport it within the cytosol. 
C)  Because it is consuming oxygen in chemical reactions the mitochondrial oxygen concentration is low;oxygen simply diffuses in. 
D)  The mitochondrial enzymes can reprocess carbon dioxide back to molecular oxygen to maintain its metabolism.

Question 7

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease whose symptoms include failure of the ciliary system that clears trapped dust and bacteria from the respiratory system,resulting in incessant coughing and an inability to exert or exercise.Which respiratory structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

A)  the alveoli 
B)  the bronchi and bronchioles 
C)  the diaphragm 
D)  the larynx

Question 8

As a compensation for high altitude,it would be common to observe all of the following EXCEPT an

Accepted Answer

A)  increased heart rate and pulmonary blood flow. 
B)  increase in the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood. 
C)  increased respiratory rate. 
D)  increased binding affinity between hemoglobin and oxygen.

Question 9

Gas transport moves oxygen through many locations and fluids,but its ultimate destination is the

Accepted Answer

A)  alveoli. 
B)  lungs. 
C)  cells of the body. 
D)  mitochondria.

Question 10

What action best describes the action occurring when the rib cage lifts upward and the diaphragm moves downward?

Accepted Answer

A)  coughing 
B)  inhalation 
C)  expiration 
D)  sneezing

Question 11

The image below illustrates a fatty plague,the blood clot it initiated,and a severely reduced opening (or lumen)through which the blood must travel.This condition is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  systemic thrombosis. 
B)  atherosclerosis. 
C)  pulmonary thrombosis. 
D)  circulatory fibromatosis.

Question 12

Unlike aquatic organisms,most terrestrial vertebrate exchange respiratory gases internally using a physiologically complicated respiratory system.What benefits does breathing atmospheric air have relative to extracting dissolved gases from the water?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parasites are less likely to gain access through inhalation. 
B)  The concentration of atmospheric oxygen is much greater than what can dissolve in water. 
C)  Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form an acid that can accumulate and damage the habitat. 
D)  The energy content of oxygen is reduced when the molecule interacts with water.

Question 13

At any given moment what is the approximate percentage of total blood pumped per minute that enters the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit?

Accepted Answer

A)  20 percent to pulmonary,80 percent to systemic 
B)  30 percent to pulmonary,70 percent to systemic 
C)  40 percent to pulmonary,60 percent to systemic 
D)  50 percent to pulmonary,50 percent to systemic

Question 14

Which organ connects the pharynx to the bronchi?

Accepted Answer

A)  the trachea 
B)  the alveoli 
C)  the bronchioles 
D)  the tracheoles

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the oxygen-binding pigments in mammals is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  The pigments are dissolved in the plasma portion of the blood. 
B)  The pigments significantly increase the oxygen-transporting capacity of the blood. 
C)  The pigments consist of protein components and a complex containing iron. 
D)  The pigments bind oxygen when its concentration is high and release it when the concentration is low.

Question 16

An injury to the atrioventricular node would produce a heartbeat with some type of irregularity in the contractions of the ventricles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Considering that oxygen is a polar molecule and that its solubility is inversely proportional to temperature,it is most likely that the habitat with the lowest concentration of oxygen would be

Accepted Answer

A)  a lake covered by a sheet of ice. 
B)  air at sea level. 
C)  the surf zone along a rocky shoreline. 
D)  a pond during summer.

Question 18

Terrestrial vertebrates use an enclosed internal lung to respire because it helps to control fluid loss,but fish have no such constraints and exchange their gases using pairs of external ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Terrestrial vertebrates use an enclosed internal lung...

Question 19

The cluster of cells commonly referred to as the "pacemaker" is known to anatomists as the

Accepted Answer

A)  atrioventricular (AV)node. 
B)  sino atrial (S
A) node. 
C)  atrium. 
D)  ventricle.

Question 20

Although blood plasma carries many electrolytes,nutrients,and other components,the vast majority of plasma is made of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Although blood plasma carries many electrolytes,nutrients,and other...

Exam 28: Circulation and Gas Exchange

When red blood cells move through capillaries in single file,the contact area between the two membranes increases and diffusion is improved.

In what way,if any,is the cardiovascular system of humans important to the process of gas exchange?

The lungs of organism A and organism B have surface areas of 1 cm² and 0.5 cm² per kg body weight,respectively.It would be a reasonable hypothesis that the more metabolically active organism is ________.

At altitudes above 10,000 feet the thinner air and reduced concentration of atmospheric gases begin to have an effect on many individuals,who may feel light-headed or nauseated because

During the standard cardiac cycle,blood passes through four different valves.Some newborns suffer from a structural defect that forms an open passage between the atria;what valves would be bypassed in this condition?

How does an actively respiring mitochondrion gain the oxygen it needs to continue its metabolism?

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease whose symptoms include failure of the ciliary system that clears trapped dust and bacteria from the respiratory system,resulting in incessant coughing and an inability to exert or exercise.Which respiratory structure is most likely affected?

As a compensation for high altitude,it would be common to observe all of the following EXCEPT an

Gas transport moves oxygen through many locations and fluids,but its ultimate destination is the

What action best describes the action occurring when the rib cage lifts upward and the diaphragm moves downward?

The image below illustrates a fatty plague,the blood clot it initiated,and a severely reduced opening (or lumen) through which the blood must travel.This condition is termed

Unlike aquatic organisms,most terrestrial vertebrate exchange respiratory gases internally using a physiologically complicated respiratory system.What benefits does breathing atmospheric air have relative to extracting dissolved gases from the water?

At any given moment what is the approximate percentage of total blood pumped per minute that enters the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit?

Which organ connects the pharynx to the bronchi?

Which of the following statements about the oxygen-binding pigments in mammals is INCORRECT?

An injury to the atrioventricular node would produce a heartbeat with some type of irregularity in the contractions of the ventricles.

Considering that oxygen is a polar molecule and that its solubility is inversely proportional to temperature,it is most likely that the habitat with the lowest concentration of oxygen would be

Terrestrial vertebrates use an enclosed internal lung to respire because it helps to control fluid loss,but fish have no such constraints and exchange their gases using pairs of external ________.

The cluster of cells commonly referred to as the "pacemaker" is known to anatomists as the

Although blood plasma carries many electrolytes,nutrients,and other components,the vast majority of plasma is made of ________.

Exam 28: Circulation and Gas Exchange

When red blood cells move through capillaries in single file,the contact area between the two membranes increases and diffusion is improved.

In what way,if any,is the cardiovascular system of humans important to the process of gas exchange?

The lungs of organism A and organism B have surface areas of 1 cm2 and 0.5 cm2 per kg body weight,respectively.It would be a reasonable hypothesis that the more metabolically active organism is ________.

At altitudes above 10,000 feet the thinner air and reduced concentration of atmospheric gases begin to have an effect on many individuals,who may feel light-headed or nauseated because

During the standard cardiac cycle,blood passes through four different valves.Some newborns suffer from a structural defect that forms an open passage between the atria;what valves would be bypassed in this condition?

How does an actively respiring mitochondrion gain the oxygen it needs to continue its metabolism?

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease whose symptoms include failure of the ciliary system that clears trapped dust and bacteria from the respiratory system,resulting in incessant coughing and an inability to exert or exercise.Which respiratory structure is most likely affected?

As a compensation for high altitude,it would be common to observe all of the following EXCEPT an

Gas transport moves oxygen through many locations and fluids,but its ultimate destination is the

What action best describes the action occurring when the rib cage lifts upward and the diaphragm moves downward?

The image below illustrates a fatty plague,the blood clot it initiated,and a severely reduced opening (or lumen) through which the blood must travel.This condition is termed

Unlike aquatic organisms,most terrestrial vertebrate exchange respiratory gases internally using a physiologically complicated respiratory system.What benefits does breathing atmospheric air have relative to extracting dissolved gases from the water?

At any given moment what is the approximate percentage of total blood pumped per minute that enters the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit?

Which organ connects the pharynx to the bronchi?

Which of the following statements about the oxygen-binding pigments in mammals is INCORRECT?

An injury to the atrioventricular node would produce a heartbeat with some type of irregularity in the contractions of the ventricles.

Considering that oxygen is a polar molecule and that its solubility is inversely proportional to temperature,it is most likely that the habitat with the lowest concentration of oxygen would be

Terrestrial vertebrates use an enclosed internal lung to respire because it helps to control fluid loss,but fish have no such constraints and exchange their gases using pairs of external ________.

The cluster of cells commonly referred to as the "pacemaker" is known to anatomists as the

Although blood plasma carries many electrolytes,nutrients,and other components,the vast majority of plasma is made of ________.

The lungs of organism A and organism B have surface areas of 1 cm² and 0.5 cm² per kg body weight,respectively.It would be a reasonable hypothesis that the more metabolically active organism is ________.