Question 1

Most research suggests that-compared to when several people think up ideas independently-when people work together and brainstorm as a group they tend to have ____ morale and to come up with ____ ideas total.

Accepted Answer

A)  higher; more 
B)  higher; fewer 
C)  about the same level of; about the same number of 
D)  about the same level of; more

Question 2

According to social facilitation theory, task performance is sometimes enhanced by the presence of others and sometimes hurt by the presence of others. Generally speaking, this depends upon ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  whether the task at hand is easy or hard. 
B)  whether or not the others who are present are engaged in the same task. 
C)  whether the person is an introvert or an extrovert. 
D)  whether or not the others who are present are members of a social ingroup.

Question 3

Given Max Ringlemann's early research looking at group size and individual effort, should we expect Student X to put in a different amount of effort depending on whether she worked on a history project in a five-person group or a two-person group?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, we should expect her to work harder in the five-person group. 
B)  Yes, we should expect her to work harder in the two-person group. 
C)  No, we should expect her to work equally hard in both groups. 
D)  This is impossible to determine; it appears that there are no predictable patterns regarding group size and individual effort.

Question 4

The so-called bad apple effect refers to the idea that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  at least one person in every social group tends to loaf 
B)  one social loafer can cause others to loaf as well 
C)  people are more prone to copy negative behaviors than positive behaviors 
D)  it is not always easy to tell at a distance who is loafing and who is not

Question 5

It would be most accurate to say that "groups are smarter than individuals" when ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  only the experts in the groups are allowed to express opinions 
B)  groups engage in brainstorming tasks 
C)  individual group members work independently and all make contributions 
D)  they have a dominant leader

Question 6

Identify and briefly discuss at least four factors that cause a group of people to feel especially unified and bonded.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify and briefly discuss at least four...

Question 7

Kari is in a research group with the chair of the department. The team members are all good friends, and the department chair is well-liked and popular. Kari thinks that the research design the chair proposes is unethical, but decides she had best not say anything about it because she doesn't want to rock the boat. Kari is engaged in ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-censorship 
B)  groupthink 
C)  a dominant response 
D)  toxic leadership

Question 8

In general, do people generate more and better ideas (or make better decisions) when they work independently, or when they collaborate and work as groups? Why or why not? What are the relevant factors?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In general, do people generate more and...

Question 9

The term "free rider problem" is sometimes used to refer to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  social facilitation 
B)  evaluation apprehension 
C)  the bad apple effect 
D)  social loafing

Question 10

Identify and briefly describe at least three of the symptoms of groupthink (i.e., three of the group features and/or situational features that indicate that a group is suffering from groupthink).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify and briefly describe at least three...

Question 11

You and your family are moving to a new apartment. Because your little brother has an excellent memory for things in general, he is put in charge of remembering what is packed with what. Because your mother usually takes care of bill payment, she is put in charge of remembering with what companies your family needs to file a change-of-address form. And because you have been the one handling most of the logistics of the move (hiring a company to inspect the new apartment for termites, making sure that you received your deposit back on your old apartment, etc.), you are put in charge of keeping track of these things. This is an example of ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You and your family are moving to...

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT one of the symptoms of groupthink?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is pressure toward conformity. 
B)  There is a high degree of self-censorship. 
C)  There is a sense of moral superiority. 
D)  There is a weak, non-directive group leader.

Question 13

Research suggests that greater power makes people ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  rely more on the automatic processing system 
B)  rely more on the controlled processing system 
C)  conform more 
D)  be more rigid in their thinking

Question 14

Many modern offices have open, public shared spaces (rather than cubicles or offices). This office style works best if the employees are working on ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  simple tasks that they have performed many times 
B)  simple but novel tasks 
C)  complex tasks that they have performed many times 
D)  complex and novel tasks

Question 15

Suppose that you are working on a group project with several classmates, where you are required to put together a presentation on Islamic artists. You are most likely to engage in social loafing if ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the professor has indicated that just one grade will be given for the presentation (i.e., everyone in the group will receive the same final grade) 
B)  no one in your group knows anything about Islamic art 
C)  the professor has indicated that group members will all rate each other at the end of the semester 
D)  the presentation is a very large part of the course grade

Question 16

As discussed in the text, the topics of power and leadership ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  are appropriate for social psychology but have received little research attention 
B)  do not technically fall into the domain of social psychology, and have therefore received little research attention 
C)  are appropriate for social psychology and have been extensively studied 
D)  do not technically fall into the domain of social psychology, but have been nonetheless extensively studied by social psychologists

Question 17

Transactive memory is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a process that takes place in groups 
B)  a type of memory associated with the automatic mind 
C)  the same thing as a "false memory" 
D)  a memory for a specific behavior or event that occurred in the past

Question 18

Which of the following is the most accurate summary of social facilitation theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  The presence of others increases the dominant response tendency. 
B)  The presence of others elicits evaluation apprehension. 
C)  The presence of others improves task performance. 
D)  The presence of others leads to competition.

Question 19

Which of the following is the best example of deindividuation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Since all of her friends drink alcohol and smoke cigarettes at parties, Jessica feels that she has an "excuse" to do the same-even though she would normally feel guilty about engaging in these behaviors. 
B)  Stanner is a teenager who puts on a "front" when hanging out with his friends. In these instances he does not act true to himself at all, and instead seems to be playing a role or acting a part. 
C)  Anna is a soldier who is so mentally wrapped up in the war that she actually stops thinking about herself as an individual who is separate from her unit, and fails to ask herself whether or not she is behaving responsibly. 
D)  Petra is a novelist who becomes so focused on her writing-she calls it "being in the zone"-that she actually loses track of the day and time, often forgetting to eat dinner.

Question 20

Which effect of power on the powerful is related to their feeling that they have more choice?

Accepted Answer

A)  emotion 
B)  adaptability 
C)  the duplex mind 
D)  approach versus inhibition

Exam 14: Groups

Most research suggests that-compared to when several people think up ideas independently-when people work together and brainstorm as a group they tend to have morale and to come up with ideas total.