Question 1

In which of the following situations would someone be most likely to help,instead of falling victim to the bystander effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Marty walks into a busy gas station to find a customer lying on the floor. 
B)  Julio is walking in a large crowd in New York City when he sees a man slumped on a staircase. 
C)  Matt watches as a man in a park grabs at his chest, screams that he is in pain, and falls over. 
D)  Jacques hears a loud noise and glances out his apartment window at a crowd looking at a man slumped over against a car in the parking lot.

Question 2

Describe how you could draw on the principles of contagion and mimicry to design an intervention to increase cooperation among the students in an elementary school classroom,and explain why you think it would be effective.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how you could draw on the...

Question 3

Describe the three motives for altruism proposed by Daniel Batson and explain how empathic concern can be distinguished from the other two motives.

Accepted Answer

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Question 4

The textbook describes a study in which participants were primed with either religious concepts or neutral words and then asked if they would be willing to give money away.The results showed that participants who were primed with religious concepts,compared to those primed with neutral words,chose to give

Accepted Answer

A)  less money to a relative. 
B)  more money to a relative but not a stranger. 
C)  less money to a stranger. 
D)  more money to a stranger.

Question 5

Drawing on research described in the textbook,evaluate the idea that religion makes people more altruistic.

Accepted Answer

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Question 6

What does research suggest about the connection between social class and altruism?

Accepted Answer

A)  People who are wealthy give a higher proportion of their incomes to charity. 
B)  People who are not wealthy give a higher proportion of their incomes to charity. 
C)  People who are wealthy give more to charity, as long as they live in rural areas. 
D)  People who are wealthy do not give more to charity, but they show higher levels of empathic concern for those in need.

Question 7

How do upper- and lower-class individuals differ when it comes to empathy and altruism,and what accounts for this difference?

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

According to the evolutionary perspective,altruism toward non-kin

Accepted Answer

A)  is a purely selfless act. 
B)  does not exist. 
C)  follows rules related to reciprocity. 
D)  is unrelated to gaining social rewards.

Question 9

Talia is providing nonmonetary assistance to others with no expectation of receiving any compensation in return.Talia is engaging in

Accepted Answer

A)  volunteerism. 
B)  kin selection. 
C)  empathic helping. 
D)  reciprocity.

Question 10

Is the altruism toward non-kin consistent with evolutionary theory? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

Nick has been subliminally exposed to the word "hostile," Dan to the word "house," and Felix to the word "hungry." Which of these men is most likely to defect on a majority of the trials in a prisoner's dilemma game?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nick 
B)  Dan 
C)  Felix 
D)  None of these men is likely to defect on a majority of trials.

Question 12

What is kin selection,and how is it relevant to explaining and predicting altruism?

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

How does playing multiple rounds of the prisoner's dilemma game,instead of just one,change the way the game is played?

Accepted Answer

A)  A single defection by either side will start a spiral of defections, thus making the multiple round game less cooperative. 
B)  People are more likely to defect on the first round when playing more rounds. 
C)  The best strategy when playing many rounds is to always cooperate. 
D)  Playing more rounds makes people more cooperative.

Question 14

Peter helps Charles with his homework with the expectation that Charles will be likely to help Peter in return at some other time.Evolutionary psychologists refer to this behavior as

Accepted Answer

A)  mutual helping. 
B)  the prisoner's dilemma. 
C)  reciprocal altruism. 
D)  kin selection.

Question 15

Mateo's group of friends tends to engage in a fair amount of gossip,whereas Felipe's group of friends never gossips.Based on research on gossip,which of the two groups of friends would you expect to be more cooperative,and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mateo's group of friends, because gossip increases their empathic concern 
B)  Mateo's group of friends, because the threat of being gossiped about makes them less likely to behave selfishly 
C)  Felipe's group of friends, because they are more concerned about not hurting people's feelings 
D)  Felipe's group of friends, because they are likely more independent

Question 16

If you want to increase the odds that you will get help when you are in need,which of the following actions should you take?

Accepted Answer

A)  single out a specific person and ask him or her for help 
B)  move to a big city 
C)  do not explain your problem 
D)  remain quiet and calm

Question 17

According to Batson's theory about the motives that produce altruistic action,only one motive is NOT selfish.That motive is

Accepted Answer

A)  affiliation. 
B)  personal distress. 
C)  empathic concern. 
D)  reciprocity.

Question 18

In the ________ strategy for the prisoner's dilemma game,an individual cooperates in the first round,and in all later rounds mimics the other person's behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  competitive 
B)  cooperative 
C)  tit-for-tat 
D)  evolutionary

Question 19

In one study,students majoring in economics were more likely to ________ when playing the prisoner's dilemma game,compared with students majoring in other disciplines.

Accepted Answer

A)  defect 
B)  cooperate 
C)  quit 
D)  challenge

Question 20

According to the textbook,what does being reminded of religion,being poor,and being exposed to violence have in common,which may create a culture conducive to cooperation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each fosters interdependence. 
B)  Each fosters independence. 
C)  Each fosters self-sufficiency. 
D)  Each causes self-reflection on the important aspects of life.

Exam 14: Altruism and Cooperation