Question 1

Surveys of participants in the Seeds of Peace program,which brings together Israeli and Palestinian teenagers for a three-week summer camp experience,showed that participation in the program led to more favorable intergroup attitudes.Nine months after the program,these attitudes

Accepted Answer

A)  had become even more favorable. 
B)  had waned a bit but were still more favorable than they had been at the beginning of the program. 
C)  had become less favorable than they had been at the beginning of the program. 
D)  were just as favorable as they were at the end of the program.

Question 2

What advantage do indirect measures of prejudice,such as the IAT,have over direct self-report measures,such as the Attitudes toward Blacks Scale?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What advantage do indirect measures of prejudice,such...

Question 3

Imagine that you witness someone who is part of a stereotyped outgroup committing the crime of petty theft.According to research considering the level of construal and the maintenance of stereotypes,which of the following would be the most likely description of this behavior by an observer maintaining the stereotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  The person stole one item from the gas station. 
B)  The person is a thief. 
C)  The person took an item and ran out of the store. 
D)  The person was unlucky in that the cops were already in the parking lot.

Question 4

Research suggests that people tend to perceive ________ variability of habit and opinion among members of the ingroup than they do among members of the outgroup because people are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  more; motivated to feel dissimilar to ingroup members 
B)  less; more likely to notice the idiosyncrasies of outgroup members 
C)  more; more likely to notice the idiosyncrasies of ingroup members 
D)  less; motivated to feel similar to ingroup members

Question 5

Stereotypes are

Accepted Answer

A)  unspoken feelings of animosity toward certain groups. 
B)  negative behaviors directed toward members of particular groups. 
C)  negative affective responses toward certain groups. 
D)  generalizations about groups that are often applied to individual group members.

Question 6

Research on stereotype threat has shown that female students performed

Accepted Answer

A)  better on a verbal test when they took it in the presence of male students. 
B)  worse on a math test when they were told beforehand that men tend to score higher. 
C)  worse on a verbal test when they had to indicate their gender on a demographic questionnaire. 
D)  better on a math test when they were threatened with punishment for doing poorly.

Question 7

According to the textbook,all of the following are changes that can be made on a societal level to reduce stereotyping,prejudice,and discrimination EXCEPT to

Accepted Answer

A)  honor and enforce civil rights laws. 
B)  strive to reduce biased media portrayals of stigmatized groups. 
C)  foster competition between groups so that each group is motivated to improve. 
D)  give groups more opportunities to work together to achieve common goals.

Question 8

Jenny asks herself,"Did my officemate get the promotion instead of me because I am overweight or because I am really less qualified?" This sort of thought illustrates the ________ that members of stigmatized groups are likely to experience in everyday life.

Accepted Answer

A)  stereotype threat 
B)  fundamental attribution error 
C)  attributional ambiguity 
D)  self-fulfilling prophecies

Question 9

In experiments employing the minimal group paradigm,a majority of participants are more interested in maximizing their ________ than in maximizing their ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  relative gain; absolute gain 
B)  absolute gain; relative gain 
C)  group harmony; competitive edge 
D)  competitive edge; group harmony

Question 10

Give a real-world example of ethnocentrism and describe how it affects behavior toward ingroup and outgroup members.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Give a real-world example of ethnocentrism and...

Question 11

According social identity theory,Jasson is more likely to stereotype others and express prejudice when

Accepted Answer

A)  he receives praise from outgroup members. 
B)  his own self-esteem is threatened. 
C)  he receives praise from ingroup members. 
D)  he tries hard not to use stereotypes to judge others.

Question 12

The ________ perspective emphasizes that stereotypes can be useful categories that allow us to process information efficiently.

Accepted Answer

A)  economic 
B)  emotional 
C)  motivational 
D)  cognitive

Question 13

Recall that Sherif and his colleagues (1961)conducted the Robbers Cave experiment,which generated conflict between two groups of boys.This study showed that

Accepted Answer

A)  a superordinate goal reduced intergroup conflict. 
B)  outgroup favoritism occurred. 
C)  simple noncompetitive contact reduced intergroup conflict. 
D)  ingroup cohesion is unlikely to occur when resources are scarce.

Question 14

In one study,white participants were faster to identify a weapon as a weapon when it was preceded by a picture of an African-American face as opposed to a white face.Subsequent research suggests that this effect is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  a stereotypical association between handguns and African-Americans. 
B)  generally negative attitudes toward African-Americans. 
C)  controlled processing of information about African-Americans. 
D)  motivated inattention to stereotype-inconsistent information.

Question 15

In one study,participants listened to a play-by-play account of a college basketball game.Results showed that participants who thought one of the players (Mark)was black,compared to participants who thought he was white,believed that Mark

Accepted Answer

A)  had less innate ability. 
B)  was more athletic and played better. 
C)  showed less hustle and performed worse overall but still played a savvier game. 
D)  was more athletic, showed less hustle, and performed worse overall, but still played a savvier game.

Question 16

Which of the following scenarios illustrates "basking in reflected glory"?

Accepted Answer

A)  feeling happy when you receive an A on your paper 
B)  congratulating a friend on a job well done 
C)  exaggerating how much effort you put into a group project 
D)  wearing your school's T-shirt whenever its football team wins

Question 17

Imagine that you are a teacher and want to put the principles of the jigsaw classroom into practice.Describe a class activity that you could use and explain how it should help promote more positive intergroup attitudes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine that you are a teacher and...

Question 18

Sheena took the implicit association test (IAT)and found that she responded faster when "strong" words were paired with male names as compared to when "strong" words were paired with female names.What does this finding suggest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sheena holds an implicit belief that women are stronger than men. 
B)  Sheena holds an implicit belief that men are stronger than women. 
C)  Sheena holds an implicit belief that male names are more attractive than female names. 
D)  Sheena does not have any stereotypes about gender and strength.

Question 19

Members of stigmatized groups often cannot tell whether many of their experiences have the same origins as those of nonstigmatized groups or whether these experiences are the result of prejudice.Research on this attributional predicament in performance-based contexts has shown that

Accepted Answer

A)  black participants' self-esteem was affected by negative feedback but not by positive feedback. 
B)  black participants were more likely to seek negative feedback than positive feedback. 
C)  black participants' self-esteem was more strongly affected by both positive feedback and negative feedback, compared to white students. 
D)  black participants' self-esteem was not affected by positive or negative feedback if they knew that their evaluators could see them.

Question 20

According to the economic perspective,intergroup hostility is particularly likely to occur when

Accepted Answer

A)  groups must work together to meet a superordinate goal. 
B)  material resources are scarce. 
C)  the economy is thriving. 
D)  groups value different types of material resources.

Exam 11: Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination