Question 1

Professor Hansen expects that students will sit quietly and take notes during his large lecture course.Thus,a student who talks in class and never opens a notebook violates Professor Hansen's ________about students.

Accepted Answer

A)  theory of mind 
B)  automaticity 
C)  construal 
D)  schema

Question 2

Describe two aspects of behavior that appear to be universal,meaning that they are common across many different cultures.Why,according to the evolutionary perspective,would different cultures manifest these commonalities?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe two aspects of behavior that appear...

Question 3

________ is observing and copying another person's body language and is a form of ________ processing.

Accepted Answer

A)  Somatic parroting; conscious 
B)  Somatic parroting; nonconscious 
C)  Ideomotor mimicry; conscious 
D)  Ideomotor mimicry; nonconscious

Question 4

Social psychologists would be MOST likely to focus on which of the following potential causes underlying the military abuses at Abu Ghraib prison during the Iraq War?

Accepted Answer

A)  The soldiers who instigated these abuses were bad people. 
B)  The power imbalance at the prison facilitated the soldiers' bad behavior. 
C)  American foreign policy encouraged anti-Arab behavior in many spheres. 
D)  The soldiers were not in their right minds, having been traumatized by their experiences during the war.

Question 5

Describe the benefits of a social psychological approach to understanding why people behave the way they do.That is,how does social psychology go beyond basic human intuition? Why is this important?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the benefits of a social psychological...

Question 6

Which of the following scenarios is LEAST consistent with the fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

A)  When someone swerves into your lane while driving, you think to yourself, "This person is a terrible driver!" 
B)  When someone at a party smiles at you, you think to yourself, "This person smiles at everyone." 
C)  When you slip and fall down at a shopping mall, you think to yourself, "I was born clumsy!" 
D)  When someone talks loudly to his or her friend on the bus, you think to yourself, "This person might be talking to someone who has a hearing problem."

Question 7

What do the results of the Milgram experiment and Darley and Batson's Good Samaritan study have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both highlight the power of the situation in determining behavior. 
B)  Both highlight how people respond differently to the same situation. 
C)  Both highlight cultural differences in behavior. 
D)  Both highlight universality in behavior across cultures.

Question 8

Tamara just bought a brand new purse.According to research on culture and social class in the United States,how is Tamara likely to respond when her best friend buys the same purse?

Accepted Answer

A)  If Tamara is from the upper class, she is likely happy to share the similarity with her best friend. 
B)  If Tamara is from the middle class, she is likely happy to share the similarity with her best friend. 
C)  If Tamara is from the working class, she is likely disappointed that she is no longer unique. 
D)  If Tamara is from the middle class, she is likely disappointed that she is no longer unique.

Question 9

The term construal refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  an expectation about how group members should behave. 
B)  a personal interpretation about situations and other people's behaviors. 
C)  perceiving situations by means of an automatic registering device. 
D)  generalized knowledge about the physical and social world.

Question 10

Suppose you are driving home from school and suddenly realize that you have not noticed anything you have driven past for the last few minutes.This experience of driving without paying attention to your route is an example of ________ processing.

Accepted Answer

A)  automatic 
B)  explicit 
C)  biased 
D)  controlled

Question 11

Judy continually compliments the people with whom she works.Bob,one of Judy's best friends,thinks that Judy is genuinely thoughtful and friendly.Sarah,who does not know Judy well,thinks that Judy is shallow and fake.This example suggests how friendship influences

Accepted Answer

A)  behaviors. 
B)  personality. 
C)  construals. 
D)  folk theories.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about social psychology is the most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Social psychologists rely primarily on correlational research. 
B)  Social psychologists argue that genetics do not exert causal effects on social behavior. 
C)  Social psychologists examine the influence of situations on behaviors. 
D)  Social psychologists stress individual differences in behavior.

Question 13

What is a channel factor? How is this concept relevant to the use of health care?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a channel factor? How is...

Question 14

What is the "field of forces" that Kurt Lewin emphasized in understanding human behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  personal attributes 
B)  social situations 
C)  underlying genetics 
D)  biological factors

Question 15

Why might social Darwinism be a distorted application of Darwin's theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  It assumes that some groups of people are more deserving of survival than others. 
B)  It assumes that many characteristics that people share are the result of natural selection. 
C)  It assumes that some groups of people are stronger than others. 
D)  It assumes that many human behaviors and institutions are universal.

Question 16

In an independent culture,a person's sense of self tends to be based largely on

Accepted Answer

A)  personal achievements. 
B)  bringing credit to his or her family. 
C)  political or religious values. 
D)  group membership.

Question 17

Pro-affirmative action advocates try to activate schemas related to ________,whereas anti-affirmative action advocates try to activate schemas related to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fairness; diversity 
B)  diversity; fairness 
C)  African-Americans; Caucasians 
D)  Caucasians; African-Americans

Question 18

A reader for American schoolchildren from the 1930s shows a little boy running,whereas a reader for Chinese children from the same time period shows a boy with his brother.What cultural difference does this highlight?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individualistic cultures place a higher value on self-esteem than collectivistic cultures. 
B)  Individualistic cultures emphasize individual action, whereas collectivistic cultures emphasize relationships. 
C)  Individualistic cultures emphasize active relationships, whereas collectivistic cultures emphasize passive relationships. 
D)  This example does not relate to any consistent cultural difference.

Question 19

Which of the following do people share with animals,especially higher primates?

Accepted Answer

A)  social taboos 
B)  belief in the supernatural 
C)  wariness around spiders 
D)  facial expressions

Question 20

Describe automatic and controlled processing and give one example of each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe automatic and controlled processing and give...

Exam 1: An Invitation to Social Psychology