Question 1

One-year-olds will look for emotional cues from their mothers before deciding whether to crawl across a _____, a table with an open segment covered with a sheet of glass.

Accepted Answer

visual cliff

Question 2

Panksepp's approach to understanding emotionality and brain processes is to look for core processes across species. Explain what he means by core process and how the concept helps provide an evolutionary approach to understanding emotion. Discuss the seven core processes he proposes.

Accepted Answer

-Core processes are emotional tendencies that emerged from ancient brain processes shared by all mammals.
-Anger evoked by stiff competition for resources.
-Fear evoked by danger.
-Sexual lust drives reproduction.
-Maternal care for nurturing the young.
-Separation distress keeps infant close to mother.
-Play as preparation for later social life.
-Seeking drives search for resources.

Question 3

There are more than _____ muscles in the human face, far more than is needed for eating, language, or closing the eyes; instead, these muscles have evolved for the expression of emotion.

Accepted Answer

A)   10
B)   50
C)   100
D)   500 B

Question 4

Vervets, small monkeys from the African savannah, are prey to eagles, snakes, and leopards; they have developed a _____ alarm system specific to each of these predators.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Vervets, small monkeys from the African savannah,...

Question 5

Many researchers believe there is a finite number of basic emotions, and most would include anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise among therm. Sometimes _____ is included, although this shows less universality across studies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many researchers believe there is a finite...

Question 6

Damage to areas of the temporal lobe interferes with _____ memories; thus, with temporal lobe damage you could remember feeling a certain way but not remember the situation in which it occurred.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Damage to areas of the temporal lobe...

Question 7

Separation distress is seen when a young organism is separate from its mother; Panksepp suggests that this feeling of abandonment may be built on early _____ circuits.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Separation distress is seen when a young...

Question 8

The _____ is one of the main structures involved in emotion; it is an almond-shaped structure found in the frontal part of the temporal lobe.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _____ is one of the main...

Question 9

The dimensional explanation of emotionality derives from a _____ attempt to break down emotional experiences into their component parts; whereas the basic emotion approach described by Darwin was a more _____ approach to the topic.

Accepted Answer

A)   cognitive, behavioral
B)   fragmented, universal
C)   psychological, biological
D)   structural, functional

Question 10

In a number of species, newborns will emit vocalizations when separated from their mother and exhibit a comfort response when reunited; this response appears to be mediated by the molecule ______, which has been associated with bonding in a variety of species.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a number of species, newborns will...

Question 11

At the level of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, it is difficult to distinguish emotional responses from those used in _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   empathy
B)   homeostasis
C)   metabolism
D)   motivation

Question 12

Darwin begins his book on emotions with three principles. Which of the following is NOT one of these principles?

Accepted Answer

A)   The principle of antithesis.
B)   The principle of compositionality.
C)   The principle of direct action of the nervous system.
D)   The principle of serviceable associated habits.

Question 13

In electrophysiological studies with primates, the amygdala shows the highest levels of response to _____ face displays.

Accepted Answer

A)   disgusted
B)   fearful
C)   joyful
D)   threatening

Question 14

According to MacLean, emotional processes involve the limbic system. Which of the following brain structures is NOT a part of this system?

Accepted Answer

A)   amygdala
B)   brain stem
C)   hippocampus
D)   insula

Question 15

Darwin saw emotions as _____; that is to say, we experience fear, anger, disgust, and so forth as distinct entities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Darwin saw emotions as _____; that is...

Question 16

The congenitally blind display spontaneous emotional expressions that are _____ those of sighted people.

Accepted Answer

A)   exactly the same as
B)   generally unlike
C)   quite different from
D)   similar to

Question 17

A variety of studies of memory have shown that you remember an event better if

Accepted Answer

A)   accompanied by a positive emotion.
B)   a negative emotion occurred with it.
C)   there was an emotional reaction initially.
D)   no emotion was associated with it.

Question 18

Darwin speculated that the emotional expression of disgust evolved out of the motor action of

Accepted Answer

A)   choking.
B)   coughing.
C)   exhaling.
D)   vomiting.

Question 19

Ekman claims that one characteristic of emotions is that they are distinctive universal signals. By this, he means that

Accepted Answer

A)   a specific facial expression is associated with each of the basic emotions.
B)   distinctive patterns of physiological activity are expressed in the nervous system.
C)   emotional expressions are universally understood within each distinctive culture.
D)   everyone experiences emotions, but each individual experience is unique.

Question 20

Research has not found exact autonomic nervous system or brain patterns that completely differentiate one specific emotion from another. This suggests to some authors that a more _____, rather than basic categorical, approach should be taken.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research has not found exact autonomic nervous...

Exam 6: Emotionality